Neural substrates of psychostimulant-induced arousal
Neural substrates of psychostimulant-induced arousal
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.npp.1301159
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发表时间：
2006-11-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Berridge, Craig W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berridge, Craig W.
广泛的研究为精神兴奋剂增强、运动激活和刻板印象诱导作用的神经生物学机制提供了深入的见解。这些药物的不同行为效应叠加在有效的唤醒增强作用上。精神兴奋剂引起的唤醒是这些药物广泛使用和滥用的一个重要因素。此外，增强的唤醒可能是这些药物的强化和其他行为作用的关键组成部分。尽管长期以来被忽视，但最近的工作开始确定与精神兴奋剂引起的唤醒有关的神经机制。例如，微透析研究表明，安非他明引起的觉醒/唤醒与安非他明引起的去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺流出增加之间存在密切关系。此外，现在已经清楚，去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺都具有强大的促醒作用。去甲肾上腺素的促醒作用涉及 α(1) 和 β 受体的协同作用，而多巴胺诱导的觉醒则涉及 D1 和 D2 受体。最后，其他研究已经确定了参与去甲肾上腺素和安非他明促醒作用的皮质下区域。这些区域包括但可能不限于内侧间隔区、内侧视前区和外侧下丘脑。综合起来，这些和其他观察结果表明，去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺通过皮层下区域网络内的作用显着参与兴奋剂引起的唤醒。尽管很明显去甲肾上腺素和多巴胺都有助于精神兴奋剂引起的唤醒，但每种递质系统对于表达兴奋剂引起的唤醒所必需的程度仍有待充分阐明。
Extensive research has provided substantial insight into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the reinforcing, locomotor-activating and stereotypy-inducing actions of psychostimulants. The diverse behavioral effects of these drugs are superimposed on potent arousal-enhancing actions. Psychostimulant-induced arousal is a prominent contributing factor to the widespread use and abuse of these drugs. Moreover, enhanced arousal may be a critical component of the reinforcing and other behavioral actions of these drugs. Although long overlooked, recent work begins to identify the neural mechanisms involved in psychostimulant-induced arousal. For example, microdialysis studies demonstrate a close relationship between amphetamine-induced waking/arousal and amphetamine-induced increases in norepinephrine and dopamine efflux. Additionally, it is now clear that both norepinephrine and dopamine exert robust wake-promoting actions. The wake-promoting effects of norepinephrine involve synergistic actions of alpha(1)- and beta-receptors, whereas dopamine-induced waking involves both D1 and D2 receptors. Finally, additional studies have identified subcortical regions involved in the wake-promoting actions of both norepinephrine and amphetamine. These regions include, but may not be limited to, the medial septal area, the medial preoptic area, and the lateral hypothalamus. Combined, these and other observations indicate a prominent involvement of both norepinephrine and dopamine in stimulant-induced arousal via actions within a network of subcortical regions. Although it is clear that both norepinephrine and dopamine contribute to psychostimulant-induced arousal, the degree to which each transmitter system is necessary for the expression of stimulant-induced arousal remains to be fully elucidated.