Unequal We Fight: Between- and Within-Group Inequality and Ethnic Civil War*
Unequal We Fight: Between- and Within-Group Inequality and Ethnic Civil War*
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我们战斗不平等：群体间和群体内的不平等和种族内战*
DOI：
10.1017/psrm.2015.7
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Nils B. Weidmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Kuhn;Nils B. Weidmann
种族群体何时以及为何造反仍然是内战文学中的一个中心谜题。在本文中，我们研究了不同类型的不平等如何影响一个种族群体的战斗意愿和机会。我们认为，群体间的政治和经济不平等促使少数民族发起反对国家的斗争，群体内的经济不平等降低了精英阶层提供必要的物质和/或有目的的激励的成本，以克服叛乱招募所固有的集体行动问题。因此，我们预测，被排除在权力之外和/或相对于国家平均水平明显富裕或贫穷的内部不平等种族群体最有可能卷入内战。为了从经验上评估我们的主张，我们通过结合高分辨率卫星图像的光发射、空间人口数据和地理编码的民族聚居区，开发了一种新的全球经济不平等衡量标准。在国家和群体层面验证我们的测量后，我们将其纳入内战爆发的标准统计模型，并发现我们的理论预测得到了相当大的支持：一个民族内部更大的经济不平等显著增加了冲突的风险，特别是如果群体之间的政治或经济不平等提供了动机。
When and why ethnic groups rebel remains a central puzzle in the civil war literature. In this paper, we examine how different types of inequalities affect both an ethnic group’s willingness and opportunity to fight. We argue that political and economic inter-group inequalities motivate ethnic groups to initiate a fight against the state, and that intra-group economic inequality lowers their elite’s costs of providing the necessary material and/or purposive incentives to overcome collective action problems inherent to rebel recruitment. We therefore predict that internally unequal ethnic groups excluded from power and/or significantly richer or poorer relative to the country’s average are most likely to engage in a civil war. To assess our claim empirically, we develop a new global measure of economic inequality by combining high-resolution satellite images of light emissions, spatial population data, and geocoded ethnic settlement areas. After validating our measure at the country- and group level, we include it in a standard statistical model of civil war onset and find considerable support for our theoretical prediction: greater economic inequality within an ethnic group significantly increases the risk of conflict, especially if political or economic inequalities between groups provide a motive.
DOI：
10.1257/aer.101.3.194
发表时间：
2011-05
期刊：
The American economic review
影响因子：
--
作者：
Henderson JV;Storeygard A;Weil DN
通讯作者：
Weil DN