Affirmative Action in Undergraduate Education
Affirmative Action in Undergraduate Education
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev-economics-080614-115445
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发表时间：
2015-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Zhu, Maria
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arcidiacono, Peter;Lovenheim, Michael;Zhu, Maria
在大学招生中使用种族是美国高等教育中最具争议的问题之一。我们调查了有关大学招生中种族偏好对少数族裔和多数族裔学生影响的文献。对于少数族裔学生，特别关注偏好的范围以及偏好如何影响毕业、专业选择和劳动力市场收入。我们还研究了学校如何应对种族偏好禁令，以及这些应对措施对精英学校种族多样性的影响。对于大多数学生，我们研究了就读种族更加多元化的学校所带来的回报的证据，以及种族偏好如何影响友谊的形成。最后，我们用印度的证据补充了对美国平权行动的研究，印度由于使用仅基于考试成绩的配额和录取规则，为研究平权行动提供了一个更直接的环境。
The use of race in college admissions is one of the most contentious issues in US higher education. We survey the literature on the impact of racial preferences in college admissions on both minority and majority students. With regard to minority students, particular attention is paid to the scope of preferences as well as how preferences affect graduation, choice of major, and labor market earnings. We also examine how schools respond to bans on racial preferences and the effects these responses have on racial diversity at elite schools. With regard to majority students, we examine the evidence on the returns to attending a more racially diverse school, as well as how racial preferences affect friendship formation. Finally, we supplement studies of affirmative action in the United States with evidence from India, which provides a much more straightforward environment in which to study affirmative action owing to the use of quotas and admissions rules based solely on exam scores.