Valence biases in reinforcement learning shift across adolescence and modulate subsequent memory.
Valence biases in reinforcement learning shift across adolescence and modulate subsequent memory.
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DOI：
10.7554/elife.64620
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发表时间：
2022-01-24
期刊：
影响因子：
7.7
通讯作者：
Hartley CA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rosenbaum GM;Grassie HL;Hartley CA
当个体通过尝试和错误学习时，一些人更容易受到好结果的影响，而另一些人则更重视坏结果。这种效价偏差也可能影响对过去经历的记忆。在这里，我们研究了强化学习中的效价不对称性是否会在青春期发生变化，以及个体学习不对称性是否会对后续记忆的内容产生偏见。8-27岁的参与者学习了“点机”的价值，之后评估了他们对带有选择结果的试验独特图像的记忆。相对于儿童和成人，青少年在学习过程中的超重比预期的结果更糟。个体的效价偏差调节了偶然记忆，例如那些在学习过程中优先考虑比预期更差（或更好）的结果的人也更有可能记住与这些结果配对的图像，这种效果在独立数据集中重现。总的来说，这些结果突出了与年龄相关的变化，在主观价值的计算，并表明，价不对称的估值过程影响信息的优先级在情景记忆。
As individuals learn through trial and error, some are more influenced by good outcomes, while others weight bad outcomes more heavily. Such valence biases may also influence memory for past experiences. Here, we examined whether valence asymmetries in reinforcement learning change across adolescence, and whether individual learning asymmetries bias the content of subsequent memory. Participants ages 8–27 learned the values of ‘point machines,’ after which their memory for trial-unique images presented with choice outcomes was assessed. Relative to children and adults, adolescents overweighted worse-than-expected outcomes during learning. Individuals’ valence biases modulated incidental memory, such that those who prioritized worse- (or better-) than-expected outcomes during learning were also more likely to remember images paired with these outcomes, an effect reproduced in an independent dataset. Collectively, these results highlight age-related changes in the computation of subjective value and demonstrate that a valence-asymmetric valuation process influences how information is prioritized in episodic memory.