Improvements in Critical Thinking Performance Following Mindfulness Meditation Depend on Thinking Dispositions
Improvements in Critical Thinking Performance Following Mindfulness Meditation Depend on Thinking Dispositions
复制标题
正念冥想后批判性思维表现的改善取决于思维倾向
DOI：
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复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
M. Hogan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Noone;M. Hogan
许多人认为正念冥想可以提高批判性思维技能，有些人认为这是一种机制，可以改善执行功能。本研究测试了与这些主张相关的理论假设。65名爱尔兰大学生参加了一项主动控制的混合因子实验，旨在调查引导正念冥想对执行功能和批判性思维的主要措施的影响。次要措施评估了关键的思维倾向，包括认知和积极开放思维的需要，状态正念和气质正念。2 × 2混合方差分析显示，没有证据表明时间（前与后）和组（正念与假冥想）之间的相互作用对执行功能指数（p < 0.39）或批判性思维表现（p = 0.11）的影响。没有证据表明小组分配通过状态正念或执行功能对批判性思维产生间接影响。适度模型表明，正念冥想对批判性思维的影响取决于认知需求（B =-0.24 [-0.40，-0.08]）和积极开放的思维（B =-0.14 [-0.25，-0.04]）。此外，报告低水平非反应性的参与者在正念冥想后表现出批判性思维表现下降，这是由执行功能任务的反应时间较慢所介导的（B = −53.37 [−92.65，−14.08]）。总之，一个简短的引导正念冥想似乎有助于那些对认知需求低和积极开放思维的人进行批判性思维。然而，目前还不清楚执行功能是否是这种关系的基础机制。
Many claims have been made regarding the application of mindfulness meditation to the improvement of critical thinking skills, with some suggesting improved executive function as a mechanism. This study tests theoretical assumptions related to these claims. Sixty-five Irish university students took part in an active-controlled mixed factorial experiment designed to investigate the effects of a guided mindfulness meditation on the primary measures of executive function and critical thinking. The secondary measures assessed key thinking dispositions, including the need for cognition and actively open-minded thinking, state mindfulness and dispositional mindfulness. The 2 × 2 mixed analyses of variance showed no evidence of an effect of the interaction between time (pre vs. post) and group (mindfulness vs. sham meditation) on executive function indices (p < 0.39) or critical thinking performance (p = 0.11). No evidence was found for indirect effects of group allocation on critical thinking through either state mindfulness or executive function. Moderation models demonstrated evidence that the effects of the mindfulness meditation on critical thinking were conditional on need for cognition (b = −0.24 [−0.40, −0.08]) and actively open-minded thinking (b = −0.14 [−0.25, −0.04]) dispositions. In addition, participants who reported low levels of non-reactivity demonstrated decreased critical thinking performance following the mindfulness meditation, which was mediated by slower reaction times on the executive functioning task (b = −53.37 [−92.65, −14.08]). In summary, a brief guided mindfulness meditation appears to facilitate critical thinking for those low in need for cognition and actively open-minded thinking. However, it is unclear whether executive function is a mechanism underlying this relationship.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Dickenson, Janna;Berkman, Elliot T.;Lieberman, Matthew D.
通讯作者：
Lieberman, Matthew D.