Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their transmission through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and their transmission through genetic and epigenetic mechanisms.
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DOI：
10.3389/fgene.2014.00154
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Sarkar DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mead EA;Sarkar DK
胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 是一组因产前接触致畸剂乙醇而引起的相关病症。据估计，美国大约有 1% 的儿童患有胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD)，但在世界上一些人口中，例如南非一些较贫困地区的居民，这一比例可能高达 20%。胎儿酒精谱系障碍 (FASD) 是美国新生儿智力低下的最大原因，但讽刺的是，它是完全可以预防的。 FASD 与下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺 (HPA) 轴的重大变化有关，导致精神障碍、发育迟缓和对压力敏感等终生损害。 FASD 与免疫系统受损有关，从而导致癌症和其他疾病的风险增加。 FASD 是由遗传和表观遗传因素复杂的相互作用引起的。在这里，我们回顾了有关该主题的当前文献，以梳理这些领域的已知知识，特别强调 HPA 轴功能障碍以及这如何与 FASD 跨代遗传的新研究联系起来。
Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) are a group of related conditions that arise from prenatal exposure to maternal consumption of the teratogen, ethanol. It has been estimated that roughly 1% of children in the US suffer from FASD, though in some world populations, such as inhabitants of some poorer regions of South Africa, the rate can climb to as high as 20%. FASD are the largest cause of mental retardation in U.S. neonates, and ironically, are entirely preventable. FASD have been linked to major changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, resulting in lifelong impairments through mental disorders, retardation, and sensitivity to stress. FASD are linked to an impaired immune system which consequently leads to an elevated risk of cancer and other diseases. FASD arise from a complex interplay of genetic and epigenetic factors. Here, we review current literature on the topic to tease apart what is known in these areas particularly emphasizing HPA axis dysfunction and how this ties into new studies of transgenerational inheritance in FASD.