Parasite consumption and host interference can inhibit disease spread in dense populations
Parasite consumption and host interference can inhibit disease spread in dense populations
复制标题
DOI：
10.1111/ele.12089
复制
发表时间：
2013-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Hall, Spencer R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Civitello, David J.;Pearsall, Susan;Hall, Spencer R.
疾病动力学取决于寄生虫在宿主之间的传播。然而，典型的传播模型往往拟合数据较差，限制了预测能力。一个解决办法是在宿主行为和疾病传播之间建立机械的但一般的联系。为了说明这一点，我们把重点放在传播的暴露组件的主机，消耗他们的寄生虫，结合实验，模型和现场数据。传播模式，将寄生虫消费和觅食主机之间的干扰大大优于替代品时，适合使用浮游动物宿主（Daphnia dentifera），消耗孢子的真菌（Metschnikowia bicuspidata）的实验数据。一旦插入到一个完全动态的模型中，这两种机制都能从整体上抑制流行病。觅食干扰进一步压低寄生虫的入侵和患病率在高主机密度，主机密度和这些指数之间的单峰（驼峰形）关系。这些新的结果定性地匹配了自然流行病中的单峰密度流行关系。最终，一种机制性的传播方法可以揭示疾病爆发的新见解。
Disease dynamics hinge on parasite transmission among hosts. However, canonical models for transmission often fit data poorly, limiting predictive ability. One solution involves building mechanistic yet general links between host behaviour and disease spread. To illustrate, we focus on the exposure component of transmission for hosts that consume their parasites, combining experiments, models and field data. Models of transmission that incorporate parasite consumption and foraging interference among hosts vastly outperformed alternatives when fit to experimental data using a zooplankton host (Daphnia dentifera) that consumes spores of a fungus (Metschnikowia bicuspidata). Once plugged into a fully dynamic model, both mechanisms inhibited epidemics overall. Foraging interference further depressed parasite invasion and prevalence at high host density, creating unimodal (hump-shaped) relationships between host density and these indices. These novel results qualitatively matched a unimodal densityprevalence relationship in natural epidemics. Ultimately, a mechanistic approach to transmission can reveal new insights into disease outbreaks.