Environmental Cues to UV Radiation and Personal Sun Protection in Outdoor Winter Recreation
Environmental Cues to UV Radiation and Personal Sun Protection in Outdoor Winter Recreation
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DOI：
10.1001/archdermatol.2010.327
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Dignan, Mark D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Andersen, Peter A.;Buller, David B.;Dignan, Mark D.
目的：预测紫外线辐射的普遍程度（以下简称紫外线）在北美滑雪胜地使用时间，季节，海拔和气象因素，并与一套成年人的防晒behaviors.Design相关的紫外线辐射观测和横断面调查的成年人防晒收集。数据收集于2001年至2003年北美西部的32个高海拔滑雪场。参与者：样本包括3937名成年滑雪者或单板滑雪者。直接，反射和漫射紫外线的测量进行了487测量点，使用手持米，并结合自我报告和观察到的防晒评估接受采访的成年人chairlift.Results：紫外线的最强预测时间接近中午，偏离冬至，晴朗的天空。相比之下，海拔和纬度与紫外线的关系较为温和，温度与紫外线的关系较小。游客的防晒安全与紫外线的相关性不一致：紫外线与成年人使用更多的防晒霜，在2小时后重新涂抹，戴防护眼镜呈正相关，但较少的成年人表现出许多其他防晒行为，如戴帽子和防护服或使用润唇膏，在紫外线升高的日子里。客人采取了更多的阳光安全预防措施，在晴朗的日子，但采取措施，以保持身体温暖的恶劣days.Conclusions：在未来的阳光安全宣传，应鼓励成年人穿防晒霜在阴天，因为紫外线仍然很高，条件可以迅速变化。他们需要提醒更多地依赖季节和一天中的时间来判断紫外线和阳光安全的需要。
Objective: To predict the prevalence of UV radiation (hereinafter, UV) at North American ski resorts using temporal, seasonal, altitudinal, and meteorological factors and associate UV with a set of adult sun protection behaviors.Design: Ultraviolet radiation observations and cross-sectional survey of adults on sun protection were collected.Setting: Data were collected at 32 high-altitude ski areas located in western North America from 2001 through 2003.Participants: The sample consisted of 3937 adult skiers or snowboarders.Main Outcome Measures: Measurements of direct, reflected, and diffuse UV were performed at 487 measurement points using handheld meters and combined with self-reported and observed sun protection assessed for adults interviewed on chairlifts.Results: The strongest predictors of UV were temporal proximity to noon, deviation from winter solstice, and clear skies. By contrast, altitude and latitude had more modest associations with UV and temperature had a small positive relationship with UV. Guest sun safety was inconsistently associated with UV: UV was positively related to adults wearing more sunscreen, reapplying it after 2 hours, and wearing protective eyewear, but fewer adults exhibited many of the other sun protection behaviors, such as wearing hats and protective clothing or using lip balm, on days when UV was elevated. Guests took more sun safety precautions on clear-sky days but took steps to maintain body warmth on inclement days.Conclusions: In future sun safety promotions, adults should be encouraged to wear sunscreen on cloudy days because UV is still high and conditions can change rapidly. They need reminders to rely more on season and time of day when judging UV and the need for sun safety.