Good soil management can reduce dietary zinc deficiency in Zimbabwe
Good soil management can reduce dietary zinc deficiency in Zimbabwe
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DOI：
10.1186/s43170-021-00057-4
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发表时间：
2021-09-26
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Mapfumo, Paul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Manzeke-Kangara, Muneta G.;Joy, Edward J. M.;Mapfumo, Paul
背景：在撒哈拉以南非洲（SSA），膳食锌（Zn）缺乏症很普遍，对人类健康产生了不利影响。利用矿质和有机养分资源，利用锌肥料和改良的土壤肥力管理进行农艺生物强化，以前已被证明可以提高包括玉米在内的主要粮食作物的锌浓度。在这里，我们展示了玉米作物不同土壤肥力管理方案的潜力，以减少津巴布韦的膳食锌缺乏症，使用了来自一系列调查和田间试验的二手数据。方法采用事前方法，并根据对津巴布韦三个不同的小农生产系统的研究发表的证据提供信息。为了估计津巴布韦目前的锌缺乏症，研究人员将来自全球扩大营养供应（GENuS）数据集中的非玉米来源的膳食锌供应数据与当前典型土壤肥力管理情景下观察到的玉米谷物锌组成联系起来。结果根据参考玉米谷物锌组成值16.6 mg kg（-1）和从所有食物来源中估计的每日膳食锌摄入量9.3 mg kg（-1）估算，基线膳食锌缺乏率为68%。在残疾调整生命年（DALYs）框架内量化了使用不同土壤肥力管理方案减少锌缺乏症的潜在健康效益。使用最佳无机氮磷钾肥料和当地可利用的有机养分资源（即牛粪和林地落叶），但不额外施用土壤锌肥的情况下，玉米籽粒锌浓度估计可提高至19.3 mg kg（-1）。这将使膳食锌缺乏症的估计患病率降低到55%，每年可能节省2238 DALYs（-1）。据估计，普遍采用最佳肥料（包括土壤锌施用和当地可利用的有机凋落叶）可将玉米籽粒锌浓度提高至32.4 mg kg(-1)，并将日粮锌缺乏症降低至16.7%，每年可节省9119 DALYs（-1）。采用改良土壤肥力管理带来的潜在货币化产量收益，如果使用标准方法将DALYs货币化，则可能比后者减少49至158倍。结论应鼓励农民采用改良的土壤肥力管理，以提高作物产量和品质。
BackgroundDietary zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) with adverse impacts on human health. Agronomic biofortification with Zn fertilizers and improved soil fertility management, using mineral and organic nutrient resources, has previously been shown to increase Zn concentration of staple grain crops, including maize. Here, we show the potential of different soil fertility management options on maize crops to reduce dietary Zn deficiency in Zimbabwe using secondary data from a set of surveys and field experiments.MethodsAn ex-ante approach was used, informed by published evidence from studies in three contrasting smallholder production systems in Zimbabwe. To estimate current Zn deficiency in Zimbabwe, data on dietary Zn supply from non-maize sources from the Global Expanded Nutrient Supply (GENuS) data set were linked to maize grain Zn composition observed under typical current soil fertility management scenarios.ResultsA baseline dietary Zn deficiency prevalence of 68% was estimated from a reference maize grain Zn composition value of 16.6 mg kg(-1) and an estimated dietary Zn intake of 9.3 mg capita(-1) day(-1) from all food sources. The potential health benefits of reducing Zn deficiency using different soil fertility management scenarios were quantified within a Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) framework. A scenario using optimal mineral NPK fertilizers and locally available organic nutrient resources (i.e. cattle manure and woodland leaf litter), but without additional soil Zn fertilizer applications, is estimated to increase maize grain Zn concentration to 19.3 mg kg(-1). This would reduce the estimated prevalence of dietary Zn deficiency to 55%, potentially saving 2238 DALYs year(-1). Universal adoption of optimal fertilizers, to include soil Zn applications and locally available organic leaf litter, is estimated to increase maize grain Zn concentration to 32.4 mg kg(-1) and reduce dietary Zn deficiency to 16.7%, potentially saving 9119 DALYs year(-1). Potential monetized yield gains from adopting improved soil fertility management range from 49- to 158-fold larger than the potential reduction in DALYs, if the latter are monetized using standard methods.ConclusionFarmers should be incentivized to adopt improved soil fertility management to improve both crop yield and quality.