Cuticular hydrocarbons as contact sex pheromone in the parasitoid Dibrachys cavus
Cuticular hydrocarbons as contact sex pheromone in the parasitoid Dibrachys cavus
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1570-7458.2011.01129.x
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发表时间：
2011-07
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
J. Ruther;M. Döring;S. Steiner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Ruther;M. Döring;S. Steiner
角质碳氢化合物(CHCs)几乎覆盖在任何昆虫的角质层上，不仅能保护它们免受干燥，而且还具有多种交流功能。以前的研究表明，寄生黄蜂科具有接触性信息素的功能，但在得出更普遍的结论之前，还需要对更多物种进行研究。在这里，我们展示了一种接触性信息素在雌蜂Dibrachys cavus(Walker)(膜翅目：翼蜂科)。这种寄生蜂的雄蜂在1-2日龄雌蜂的身体上被捕食，但在新出现的雌蜂和雄蜂身上都没有。从1至2天大的雌性幼虫和非极性部分提取的提取物也具有行为活性，表明这是一种非极性接触性信息素。用气相色谱-质谱仪和随后的主成分分析(PCA)对活性和非活性CHC谱进行了化学分析，结果表明，1日龄至2日龄雌虫的生物活性谱与所有其他谱都有明显的区别。在PCA中影响最大的化学物质是两种3-甲基烷烃3-甲基二十七烷和3-甲基十五烷，它们在不活跃的图谱中没有或有微量成分，当雌性变得有性吸引力时，它们的相对含量会增加。讨论了3-甲基烷烃作为翅科接触性信息素的关键成分的作用。
Cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) cover the cuticle of virtually any insect and do not only protect them from desiccation, but also possess various communicative functions. Previous studies suggested a function as contact sex pheromones in the parasitic wasp family Pteromalidae, but further species need to be studied before more general conclusions are possible. Here, we demonstrate a contact sex pheromone in females of Dibrachys cavus (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). Males of this parasitoid were arrested on cadavers of 1‐ to 2‐day‐old females, but neither on newly emerged females nor on males. Extracts from 1‐ to 2‐day‐old females and non‐polar fractions were also behaviorally active suggesting a non‐polar contact sex pheromone. Chemical analyses of bioactive and non‐active CHC profiles by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and subsequent principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the bioactive profiles from 1‐ to 2‐day‐old females were clearly distinguishable from all other profiles. Among the chemicals showing the strongest impact in the PCA were the two 3‐methylalkanes 3‐methylnonacosane and 3‐methylhentriacontane, which were absent or trace components in the inactive profiles and whose relative amounts increased in females when they became sexually attractive. The putative function of 3‐methylalkanes as key components of the contact sex pheromones in Pteromalidae is discussed.