Non-invasive mobile technology to study the stratigraphy of ancient Cremonese violins: OCT, NMR-MOUSE, XRF and reflection FT-IR spectroscopy
Non-invasive mobile technology to study the stratigraphy of ancient Cremonese violins: OCT, NMR-MOUSE, XRF and reflection FT-IR spectroscopy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.microc.2020.104754
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Malagodi, Marco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Invernizzi, Claudia;Fiocco, Giacomo;Malagodi, Marco
一般认为，现代小提琴产生于世纪上半叶的意大利。大约在20世纪80年代，人们开始用侵入性的标准方法对其复杂的地层进行科学研究。只有在过去的十年左右，诊断研究的重点已经越来越多地转向使用非侵入性的方法，以保护这些杰作的价值和完整性。在这项工作中，珍贵的历史克雷莫纳小提琴在意大利巴洛克时期由阿马蒂的伟大大师制作，Stradivari和Guarneri家族首次通过结合光学相干断层扫描（OCT），反射FT-IR光谱，X射线荧光（XRF）和核磁共振（NMR-MOUSE）进行非侵入性分析。便携式仪器允许对保存在克雷莫纳小提琴博物馆的小提琴进行非侵入性现场分析。这一广泛的多技术活动是在MOLAB跨国访问-欧盟H2020项目IPERION CH中进行的，目的是表征从最内层木材处理到最外层清漆层的地层。光学相干断层扫描仪提供了有关厚度和层数的信息，以及检测分散的颗粒;傅立叶变换红外光谱法确定了层状材料的分子组成; X射线荧光光谱法提供了有关面漆（即颜料和填料）和预处理程序的基本信息;核磁共振鼠标研究了木材密度和弹性，揭示了板材内外表面的木材处理。收集的结果使人们能够更深入地了解克雷莫纳小提琴制作车间在所考虑的时期和随后的修复工作中采用的古老工艺。
It is generally believed that the modern violin has emerged in Italy in the first half of the 16th century. The scientific study of its complex stratigraphy began approximately in the 1980's with invasive standard methods. Only since the last decade or so, the focus of diagnostic investigations has been increasingly shifted towards the use of non-invasive approaches in order to preserve the value and the integrity of these masterpieces.In this work, precious historical Cremonese violins made during the Italian Baroque period by the great master luthiers of the Amati, Stradivari and Guarneri families were non-invasively analysed for the first time by combining Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), reflection FT-IR spectroscopy, X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR-MOUSE). Portable instrumentation allowed non-invasive on-site analyses of the violins preserved at the Museo del Violino in Cremona. The aim of this wide multi-technique campaign, carried out within the MOLAB Transnational Access - EU H2020 Project IPERION CH, was the characterization of the stratigraphy from the innermost wood treatments to the outermost varnish layers. OCT provided information about thickness and number of layers, as well as detecting dispersed particles; FT-IR spectroscopy identified the molecular composition of the layered materials; XRF brought elemental information about finishing coats (i.e. pigments and fillers) and pre-treatment procedures; and the NMR-MOUSE investigated the wood density and elasticity, revealing wood treatments at the inner and outer surfaces of the plates. The collected results allowed one to gain deeper insight into the ancient processes adopted in the Cremonese violin making workshops during the considered period and subsequent restoration efforts.