Dynamic responses of physiological indexes in maize leaves to different spraying fertilizers at varying concentrations
Dynamic responses of physiological indexes in maize leaves to different spraying fertilizers at varying concentrations
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DOI：
10.1007/s00271-022-00820-z
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Xin-rui Fan;Wei-xia Zhao;Jiusheng Li
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xin-rui Fan;Wei-xia Zhao;Jiusheng Li
植物根和叶吸收养分的双重作用是喷灌施肥的主要优势之一，而不适当的溶液浓度会抑制植物的生理，甚至导致叶片灼伤。为探讨氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的适宜溶液浓度，于2019年和2021年夏玉米生长季在中国平原北部的两个地点进行了田间试验。测定并比较了施肥液喷施前后的叶片相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、叶片光能转化能力(Fv/F0)和最大光能转化效率(Fv/Fm)。本试验在夏玉米拔节期(V6)、拔节期(V12)、抽穗期(VT)和灌浆期(R2)分别测定了6种尿素浓度(0.10 − 3.20%)、8种磷酸一铵浓度(0.03 − 4.80%)和7种钾盐浓度(0.10 − 4.80%)。结果表明，在施肥液后，Fv/F0的时空变异性由喷洒前的较弱时空变异性变为中等。从V6向VT喷施氮肥和从V12向R2喷施钾肥后，SPAD值才由较弱的时空变异性达到中等。这些指标的变化表明，叶片养分吸收对植物生理有很大的影响。全季平均施肥量5天以上，SPAD、Fv/F0和Fv/Fm合成的平均增量分别为1.60、1.33和1.21倍，平均减幅分别为0.62、0.78和0.62倍。根据肥料种类和喷洒时机的不同，肥料溶液对植物生理的影响也有很大变化。为了最大限度地提高叶面喷施肥料的相对叶绿素含量和光合作用能力，在V6、V12、VT和R2期，推荐的尿素溶液浓度分别为0.10 − 0.80%、0.40%、0.25 − 0.40%和0.25 − 0.40%。对于磷酸一铵，建议浓度分别为0.06 − 0.15%、0.06 − 0.15%、0.03 − 0.40%和0.03 − 0.80%。在V12期和VT期喷施0.10 − 0.40%的K2SO4有利于植株生长。
The dual role of nutrient uptake by plant roots and leaves is one of the main advantages of sprinkler fertigation, while an improper solution concentration suppresses plant physiology and even causes foliar burns. To explore the suitable solution concentrations of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer, field experiments were conducted at two sites in the North China Plain during the 2019 and 2021 growing seasons of summer maize. The foliar relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), foliar light energy conversion capacity (Fv/F0) and maximum light energy conversion efficiency (Fv/Fm) prior to and after fertilizer solution spraying were measured and compared. In the experiments, six urea concentrations (0.10 − 3.20%), eight monoammonium phosphate concentrations (0.03 − 4.80%) and seven potassium sulfate concentrations (0.10 − 4.80%) were tested during the jointing stage (V6), flare opening stage (V12), heading stage (VT) and filling stage (R2) of summer maize. The results showed that after spraying fertilizer solution, the spatiotemporal variability inFv/F0reached moderate from the weak spatiotemporal variability observed prior to spraying. The SPAD values reached moderate from the weak spatiotemporal variability only after spraying nitrogen fertilizer from V6 to VT and after spraying potassium fertilizer from V12 to R2. All the changes in the index variability suggested a great influence of foliar nutrient absorption on plant physiology. Averaged over 5 days following nutrient spraying during the whole season, the average increments synthesized by SPAD,Fv/F0andFv/Fmwere 1.60, 1.33, and 1.21 times, and the average reductions were 0.62, 0.78 and 0.62 times, respectively. Depending on the fertilizer type and spraying opportunity, the influence of the fertilizer solution on plant physiology changed greatly. To maximize the relative chlorophyll content and photosynthetic capacity of foliar plants resulting from fertilizer solution spraying, the recommended urea solutions were 0.10 − 0.80%, 0.40%, 0.25 − 0.40% and 0.25 − 0.40% during the V6, V12, VT and R2 stages, respectively. For monoammonium phosphate, the suggested concentrations were 0.06 − 0.15%, 0.06 − 0.15%, 0.03 − 0.40% and 0.03 − 0.80%, respectively. Spraying potassium sulfate at a concentration of 0.10 − 0.40% during the V12 and VT stages would benefit plant growth.