Mortality, morbidity and clinical care in a referral neonatal intensive care unit in Haiti.

Mortality, morbidity and clinical care in a referral neonatal intensive care unit in Haiti.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0240465
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Lechner BE
Lechner BE
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Valcin J;Jean-Charles S;Malfa A;Tucker R;Dorcélus L;Gautier J;Koster MP;Lechner BE

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海地的新生儿死亡率是西半球最高的国家之一。很少有母亲在熟练的助产士在场的情况下分娩,而且儿科医生也严重缺乏。国家转诊中心圣达米安儿科医院的新生儿重症监护室 (NICU) 是海地仅有的五个新生儿科室之一。为了将有限的资源用于改善结果,本研究旨在描述圣达米恩新生儿重症监护病房的临床护理。对 2016 年 4 月至 2017 年 4 月期间所有入院 NICU 的现有病历进行了回顾性病历审查。在研究期间,有 220 名新生儿入住 NICU。死亡率为14.5%。死亡与母亲诊断为高血压(p = 0.03)以及新生儿诊断为低胎龄(p <0.0001)、低出生体重(p <0.0001)、早产(p = 0.002)、RDS p = 0.01)、败血症(p <0.0001)和核黄疸(p = 0.04)有关。最常见的诊断是败血症、绒毛膜羊膜炎、呼吸窘迫综合征、黄疸、早产和围产期窒息。这项研究表明,早产、脓毒症、RDS 和核黄疸是海地国家儿科转诊中心 NICU 新生儿死亡率的关键因素,因此是降低海地新生儿死亡率的有前途的干预目标。
Neonatal mortality rates in Haiti are among the highest in the Western hemisphere. Few mothers deliver with a skilled birth attendant present, and there is a significant lack of pediatricians. The neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) at St. Damien Pediatric Hospital, a national referral center, is one of only five neonatology departments in Haiti. In order to target limited resources toward improving outcomes, this study seeks to describe clinical care in the St. Damien NICU. A retrospective medical record review was performed on available medical records on all admissions to the NICU between April 2016 and April 2017. 220 neonates were admitted to the NICU within the study epoch. The mortality rate was 14.5%. Death was associated with a maternal diagnosis of hypertension (p = 0.03) and neonatal diagnoses of lower gestational age (p<0.0001), lower birth weight (p<0.0001), prematurity (p = 0.002), RDS p = 0.01), sepsis (p<0.0001) and kernicterus (p = 0.04). The most common diagnoses were sepsis, chorioamnionitis, respiratory distress syndrome, jaundice, prematurity and perinatal asphyxia. This study demonstrates that preterm birth, sepsis, RDS and kernicterus are key contributors to neonatal mortality in a Haitian national pediatric referral center NICU and as such are promising interventional targets for reducing the neonatal mortality rate in Haiti.
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