Convergent developmental patterns underlie the repeated evolution of adhesive toe pads among lizards
Convergent developmental patterns underlie the repeated evolution of adhesive toe pads among lizards
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DOI：
10.1093/biolinnean/blab164
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发表时间：
2022-02-14
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Sanger, Thomas J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Griffing, Aaron H.;Gamble, Tony;Sanger, Thomas J.
发展性的修改如何产生关键的创新，从而使一个分支迅速多样化到新的适应区，受到了广泛的关注。然而，很少有研究使用了一个强大的比较框架来调查进化和发展的限制对关键创新的起源，如蜥蜴的粘性趾垫的影响。粘性趾垫在蜥蜴中独立进化了至少16次，使我们能够检查观察到的模式是一般的进化现象还是独特的，特定的谱系事件。我们进行了一个高分辨率的足底鳞片发育的比较，在14种蜥蜴在阿诺利斯和壁虎，包括五个独立的起源脚趾垫（一个在阿诺利斯，四个在壁虎）。尽管阿诺利斯和壁虎之间的重大进化分歧，我们发现，这些分支经历了类似的发展修改，以产生他们的粘性趾垫。相对于祖先的足底鳞片发育（鳞片脊沿着手指同步形成），垫蜥和Anolis都表现出从远侧到近侧方向的扫描器形成。这两个分支都经历了发展repatterning，并在其起源后，脚趾垫形态的修改发生通过相对较小的发展修改，这表明发展的制约因素的多样化的粘合剂脚趾垫蜥蜴。
How developmental modifications produce key innovations, which subsequently allow for rapid diversification of a clade into new adaptive zones, has received much attention. However, few studies have used a robust comparative framework to investigate the influence of evolutionary and developmental constraints on the origin of key innovations, such as the adhesive toe pad of lizards. Adhesive toe pads evolved independently at least 16 times in lizards, allowing us to examine whether the patterns observed are general evolutionary phenomena or unique, lineage-specific events. We performed a high-resolution comparison of plantar scale development in 14 lizard species in Anolis and geckos, encompassing five independent origins of toe pads (one in Anolis, four in geckos). Despite substantial evolutionary divergence between Anolis and geckos, we find that these clades have undergone similar developmental modifications to generate their adhesive toe pads. Relative to the ancestral plantar scale development, in which scale ridges form synchronously along the digit, both padded geckos and Anolis exhibit scansor formation in a distal-to-proximal direction. Both clades have undergone developmental repatterning and, following their origin, modifications in toe pad morphology occurred through relatively minor developmental modifications, suggesting that developmental constraints governed the diversification of the adhesive toe pad in lizards.