COUPLING IN PREDATOR PREY DYNAMICS - RATIO-DEPENDENCE
COUPLING IN PREDATOR PREY DYNAMICS - RATIO-DEPENDENCE
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DOI：
10.1016/s0022-5193(89)80211-5
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发表时间：
1989-08-09
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
GINZBURG, LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ARDITI, R;GINZBURG, LR
在连续时间捕食模型中，人均消费率（功能反应或“营养功能”）通常被解释为一种行为现象。经典的假设是捕食者随机遇到猎物，营养功能仅取决于猎物的丰度。我们认为，这种方法并不总是合适的。营养功能必须考虑在缓慢的时间尺度上的人口动态模型的操作，而不是在快速的行为时间尺度。我们建议，在这两个时间尺度不同的情况下，这是合理的假设，营养功能取决于猎物捕食丰度的比例。一些现场和实验室观察支持这一假设。我们比较了两种类型的依赖关系的动态特性的模型和人口平衡的初级生产的变化的响应的后果。在传统的食饵依赖模型中，只有捕食者种群对初级生产力有响应，而在比率依赖模型中，两个水平都有响应。这一结果被推广到食物链。我们认为，比率依赖形式的营养功能是一个简单的方式来解释许多类型的异质性，发生在大规模的自然系统，而猎物依赖的形式可能更适合于同质系统，如恒化器。
In continuous-time predator-prey models, the per capita rate of consumption (the functional response or "trophic function") is usually interpreted as a behavioral phenomenon. The classical assumptions are that predators encounter prey at random and that the trophic function depends on prey abundance only. We argue that this approach is not always appropriate. The trophic function must be considered on the slow time scale of population dynamics at which the models operate-not on the fast behavioral time scale. We propose that, in cases where these two time scales differ, it is reasonable to assume that the trophic function depends on the ratio of prey to predator abundances. Several field and laboratory observations support this hypothesis. We compare the consequences of the two types of dependence with respect to the dynamical properties of the models and the responses of population equilibria to variations in primary production. In traditional prey-dependent models, only the predator population responds to primary production, while both levels respond in ratio-dependent models. This result is generalized to food chains. We suggest that the ratio-dependent form of the trophic function is a simple way of accounting for many types of heterogeneity that occur in large scale natural systems, while the prey dependent form may be more appropriate for homogeneous systems like chemostats.