Asbestos in Developing Countries: Magnitude of Risk and Its Practical Implications
Asbestos in Developing Countries: Magnitude of Risk and Its Practical Implications
复制标题
发展中国家的石棉：风险程度及其实际影响
DOI：
10.1080/10807030590920060
复制
发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
R. Gupta
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Joshi;R. Gupta
在发展中国家，由于发达国家对温石棉的使用施加限制，温石棉的积极销售仍在继续。在亚洲大陆，中国和印度正在成为石棉的主要用户。有足够的证据表明温石棉与人类的肺纤维化和肺癌有关，即使在低水平的暴露下也是如此，因此有必要在全球范围内逐步淘汰温石棉的使用。由于发展中国家的职业健康和安全制度很差，而且很难及早发现与石棉有关的肺部恶性肿瘤，因此统计数字仍然很粗略。这阻碍了向政策制定者施加压力和反击石棉行业宣传的努力。国际劳工局认为，每年有超过10万人死于与石棉有关的疾病。根据欧洲和澳大利亚发表的研究，死于此类恶性肿瘤的人数将在2020年左右达到顶峰，可能在50万到100万之间。这意味着发展中国家将有100多万人死亡。大约在发达国家与石棉有关的死亡人数开始减少的同时，发展中国家的石棉死亡人数将开始上升。这对国际科学界提出了重大挑战。
Abstract In developing countries, aggressive marketing of chrysotile asbestos continues as a result of restrictions on its use being imposed by the developed countries. In the Asian continent, China and India are emerging as the major users of asbestos. There is enough evidence to link chrysotile with pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer in humans, even at low levels of exposure, hence the need to apply the Precautionary Principle for phasing out its use globally. Due to poor occupational health and safety systems in developing countries and difficulties in early detection of pulmonary malignancy related to asbestos, the statistics remain sketchy. This is hampering efforts to create pressure on policy makers and to counter the propaganda of the asbestos industry. The International Labour Office believes that more than 100,000 deaths a year occur from asbestos-related disease. In the view of studies published in Europe and Australia, the number of deaths due to such malignancies will peak around the year 2020 and could be anywhere between half a million to a million. That means more than a million deaths will occur in developing countries. At about the same time when asbestos-related deaths start to decrease in developed countries, their number will begin to rise in developing countries. This presents a major challenge to the international scientific community.
DOI：
10.1179/oeh.1998.4.2.121
发表时间：
1998
期刊：
International journal of occupational and environmental health : official journal of the International Commission on Occupational Health.
影响因子：
--
作者：
Yingratanasuk,T;Keifer,MC;Barnhart,S
通讯作者：
Barnhart,S