Alternative mRNA Splicing in Three Venom Families Underlying a Possible Production of Divergent Venom Proteins of the Habu Snake, Protobothrops flavoviridis
Alternative mRNA Splicing in Three Venom Families Underlying a Possible Production of Divergent Venom Proteins of the Habu Snake, Protobothrops flavoviridis
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DOI：
10.3390/toxins11100581
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发表时间：
2019-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Shibata, Hiroki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ogawa, Tomohisa;Oda-Ueda, Naoko;Shibata, Hiroki
蛇毒是由各种基因家族编码的有毒蛋白质的复杂混合物，它们协同作用使猎物丧失能力。大量的蛇毒基因和蛋白质已经被报道，并且选择性剪接被认为参与了不同基因转录物的产生。然而，转录库的全基因组调查和选择性剪接的程度仍有待确定。本研究利用PacBio测序技术对蛇毒腺的转录组进行了全面分析。在金属蛋白酶（MP）、丝氨酸蛋白酶（SP）和血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）三个毒蛋白基因家族中观察到广泛的选择性剪接。11个MP和SP基因以及1个VEGF基因分别表达为总共81个、61个和8个转录变体。在MPs基因家族中，单个基因通过选择性剪接转录成不同种类的MPs。我们还观察到了聚类SP基因之间的反式剪接。没有其他毒液基因和非毒液对应基因表现出选择性剪接。因此，我们的研究结果表明，在habu蛇毒液基因高度可变转录本的产生中，mRNA的选择性和反式剪接的潜在贡献。
Snake venoms are complex mixtures of toxic proteins encoded by various gene families that function synergistically to incapacitate prey. A huge repertoire of snake venom genes and proteins have been reported, and alternative splicing is suggested to be involved in the production of divergent gene transcripts. However, a genome-wide survey of the transcript repertoire and the extent of alternative splicing still remains to be determined. In this study, the comprehensive analysis of transcriptomes in the venom gland was achieved by using PacBio sequencing. Extensive alternative splicing was observed in three venom protein gene families, metalloproteinase (MP), serine protease (SP), and vascular endothelial growth factors (VEGF). Eleven MP and SP genes and a VEGF gene are expressed as a total of 81, 61, and 8 transcript variants, respectively. In the MP gene family, individual genes are transcribed into different classes of MPs by alternative splicing. We also observed trans-splicing among the clustered SP genes. No other venom genes as well as non-venom counterpart genes exhibited alternative splicing. Our results thus indicate a potential contribution of mRNA alternative and trans-splicing in the production of highly variable transcripts of venom genes in the habu snake.