All-in-One Single-Print Additively Manufactured Electroanalytical Sensing Platforms.
All-in-One Single-Print Additively Manufactured Electroanalytical Sensing Platforms.
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一体化单打印增材制造电分析传感平台。
DOI：
10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.1c00046
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发表时间：
2022-04-20
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Banks, Craig E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Crapnell, Robert D;Bernalte, Elena;Ferrari, Alejandro Garcia-Miranda;Whittingham, Matthew J;Williams, Rhys J;Hurst, Nicholas J;Banks, Craig E
该手稿提供了全增材制造（AM）电化学电池的第一份报告，其中所有电极和电池都是一体印刷的，不需要后组装或外部电极。三电极电池使用标准的非导电聚乳酸（PLA）基细丝印刷主体，并使用市售导电炭黑/PLA（CB/PLA，ProtoPasta）印刷三个电极（工作电极、对电极和参比电极;分别为WE、CE和RE）。首先针对众所周知的接近理想的外层氧化还原探针氯化六胺钌（III）（RuHex）评估电池的电化学性能，表明使用AM电极作为伪RE的电池表现良好。WE通过计时电流法和NaOH的电化学活化提供了针对外球探针和电分析性能的增强的电化学性能。它表明，这种激活可以完成使用外部商业银|AgCl RE或通过简单地使用内部AM CB/PLA伪RE和CE。将该多功能电化学电池（AIOEC）应用于众所周知的抗坏血酸（AA）和对乙酰氨基酚（ACOP）的检测，实现了线性趋势，检测限（LOD）分别为13.6 ± 1.9和4.5 ± 0.9 μM。探讨了非处方片剂中真实的样品中AA和ACOP的测定，当单独分析时，相对于紫外可见标准品，回收率分别为102.9%和100.6%。同时检测两个目标也实现了通过检测在同一样品中表现出149.75和81.35%的回收率AA和ACOP，分别。这些值与原始值不同可能是由于AA氧化是表面控制过程导致的电极结垢。本文中产生的池设计对于水性电分析感测中的各种应用可容易地朝向不同的样品体积或容器形状进行调节;然而，这是该制造方法的能力的简单示例。这项工作说明了研究协同AM和电化学的下一步，在一个单一的打印生产操作电化学传感平台，没有组装，也没有外部或商业电极的要求。由于AM的灵活性，低浪费和快速原型设计，这项工作有可能跨越并影响众多研究领域。
This manuscript provides the first report of a fully additively manufactured (AM) electrochemical cell printed all-in-one, where all the electrodes and cell are printed as one, requiring no post-assembly or external electrodes. The three-electrode cell is printed using a standard non-conductive poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based filament for the body and commercially available conductive carbon black/PLA (CB/PLA, ProtoPasta) for the three electrodes (working, counter, and reference; WE, CE, and RE, respectively). The electrochemical performance of the cell is evaluated first against the well-known near-ideal outer-sphere redox probe hexaamineruthenium(III) chloride (RuHex), showing that the cell performs well using an AM electrode as the pseudo-RE. Electrochemical activation of the WE via chronoamperometry and NaOH provides enhanced electrochemical performances toward outer-sphere probes and for electroanalytical performance. It is shown that this activation can be completed using either an external commercial Ag|AgCl RE or through simply using the internal AM CB/PLA pseudo-RE and CE. This all-in-one electrochemical cell (AIOEC) was applied toward the well-known detection of ascorbic acid (AA) and acetaminophen (ACOP), achieving linear trends with limits of detection (LODs) of 13.6 ± 1.9 and 4.5 ± 0.9 μM, respectively. The determination of AA and ACOP in real samples from over-the-counter effervescent tablets was explored, and when analyzed individually, recoveries of 102.9 and 100.6% were achieved against UV–vis standards, respectively. Simultaneous detection of both targets was also achieved through detection in the same sample exhibiting 149.75 and 81.35% recoveries for AA and ACOP, respectively. These values differing from the originals are likely due to electrode fouling due to the AA oxidation being a surface-controlled process. The cell design produced herein is easily tunable toward different sample volumes or container shapes for various applications among aqueous electroanalytical sensing; however, it is a simple example of the capabilities of this manufacturing method. This work illustrates the next step in research synergising AM and electrochemistry, producing operational electrochemical sensing platforms in a single print, with no assembly and no requirements for exterior or commercial electrodes. Due to the flexibility, low-waste, and rapid prototyping of AM, there is scope for this work to be able to span and impact a plethora of research areas.