Biodegradability of chlorinated solvents and related chlorinated aliphatic compounds
Biodegradability of chlorinated solvents and related chlorinated aliphatic compounds
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DOI：
10.1007/s11157-004-4733-8
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发表时间：
2004-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Sierra-Alvarez, R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Field, J. A.;Sierra-Alvarez, R.
根据文献资料评价了氯化甲烷、氯化乙烷、氯化乙烯、氯氟烃、氯化乙酸、氯化丙烷和氯化丁二烯的生物降解性。已报道了所有化合物类别中化合物的生物降解证据。广泛的氯化脂肪族结构在各种生理和氧化还原条件下易被生物降解。多种氯化脂肪族化合物的微生物生物降解被证明发生在五种生理条件下。然而，任何给定的生理条件只能作用于氯化化合物的一个子集。首先，在好氧条件下，氯化化合物作为电子供体和碳源。其次，当微生物在另一种主要底物上生长（或已经生长）时，氯化化合物在好氧条件下共代谢。第三，氯化化合物在厌氧条件下也被降解，在厌氧条件下，它们被用作电子供体和碳源。第四，氯化化合物可以作为电子受体，利用简单的供电子底物支持厌氧微生物的呼吸作用。最后，当微生物在其他初级底物或电子受体上生长时，氯化化合物受到厌氧共代谢而发生生物转化。文献调查表明，在许多情况下，氯化化合物完全矿化为良性终产物。此外，生物降解可以迅速发生。许多化合物的生长速率超过1 d-1。大多数化合物类别包括用于支持微生物生长的氯化结构。生长可由于使用氯化化合物作为电子供体或替代地使用氯化化合物作为电子受体（盐呼吸）。与生长有关的生物降解是重要的，因为在这种条件下，降解率将随着微生物种群（生物催化剂）的增加而增加。氧化还原条件的组合有利于在好氧条件下难以降解的高氯化结构的生物降解。然而，在厌氧条件下，高氯化结构部分脱卤到低氯化对应物。低氯化化合物随后在好氧条件下更容易矿化。
The biodegradability of chlorinated methanes, chlorinated ethanes, chlorinated ethenes, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), chlorinated acetic acids, chlorinated propanoids and chlorinated butadienes was evaluated based on literature data. Evidence for the biodegradation of compounds in all of the compound categories evaluated has been reported. A broad range of chlorinated aliphatic structures are susceptible to biodegradation under a variety of physiological and redox conditions. Microbial biodegradation of a wide variety of chlorinated aliphatic compounds was shown to occur under five physiological conditions. However, any given physiological condition could only act upon a subset of the chlorinated compounds. Firstly, chlorinated compounds are used as an electron donor and carbon source under aerobic conditions. Secondly, chlorinated compounds are cometabolized under aerobic conditions while the microorganisms are growing (or otherwise already have grown) on another primary substrate. Thirdly, chlorinated compounds are also degraded under anaerobic conditions in which they are utilized as an electron donor and carbon source. Fourthly, chlorinated compounds can serve as an electron acceptor to support respiration of anaerobic microorganisms utilizing simple electron donating substrates. Lastly chlorinated compounds are subject to anaerobic cometabolism becoming biotransformed while the microorganisms grow on other primary substrate or electron acceptor. The literature survey demonstrates that, in many cases, chlorinated compounds are completely mineralised to benign end products. Additionally, biodegradation can occur rapidly. Growth rates exceeding 1 d-1were observed for many compounds. Most compound categories include chlorinated structures that are used to support microbial growth. Growth can be due to the use of the chlorinated compound as an electron donor or alternatively to the use of the chlorinated compound as an electron acceptor (halorespiration). Biodegradation linked to growth is important, since under such conditions, rates of degradation will increase as the microbial population (biocatalyst) increases. Combinations of redox conditions are favorable for the biodegradation of highly chlorinated structures that are recalcitrant to degradation under aerobic conditions. However, under anaerobic conditions, highly chlorinated structures are partially dehalogenated to lower chlorinated counterparts. The lower chlorinated compounds are subsequently more readily mineralized under aerobic conditions.