People of the Plow: An Agricultural History of Ethiopia, 1800–1990 by James C. McCann
People of the Plow: An Agricultural History of Ethiopia, 1800–1990 by James C. McCann
复制标题
《耕犁的人：埃塞俄比亚的农业史，1800-1990 年》詹姆斯·C·麦肯 (James C. McCann)
作者：
J. Mccann
两千多年来，埃塞俄比亚S的耕牛耕作制度一直是非洲最高效和最具创新性的农业制度，但在最近一段时间里，它受到了一系列危机的困扰：饥荒、生产力下降和生物多样性的丧失。詹姆斯·C·麦肯分析了埃塞俄比亚过去200年的农业历史，以确定牛犁农业系统是否适应了人口增长、新作物以及以城市中心为基础的现代政治经济的挑战。这部农业历史以埃塞俄比亚更大的环境和景观历史为背景，展示了农民如何将农作物、工具和劳动力与降雨和土壤肥力的自然循环以及不断变化的政治制度的社会变幻莫测结合在一起。麦肯追溯了埃塞俄比亚农业的特点，例如单齿刮刀犁，它在两千多年的时间里保持了非常一致的设计，以及世界上遗传多样性最多样化的作物品种之一。《犁人》通过考察旅行叙述、早期农业调查、照片和版画、现代农业系统研究以及农民本身的证词，详细记录了19世纪初以来埃塞俄比亚的农业实践，这些都是在麦肯·S五年的田野调查期间收集的。然后，他追溯了这些做法在20世纪因应人口增长、城市市场和新技术的出现而演变的方式。
For more than two thousand years, Ethiopia s ox-plow agricultural system was the most efficient and innovative in Africa, but has been afflicted in the recent past by a series of crises: famine, declining productivity, and losses in biodiversity. James C. McCann analyzes the last two hundred years of agricultural history in Ethiopia to determine whether the ox-plow agricultural system has adapted to population growth, new crops, and the challenges of a modern political economy based in urban centers. This agricultural history is set in the context of the larger environmental and landscape history of Ethiopia, showing how farmers have integrated crops, tools, and labor with natural cycles of rainfall and soil fertility, as well as with the social vagaries of changing political systems. McCann traces characteristic features of Ethiopian farming, such as the single-tine scratch plow, which has retained a remarkably consistent design over two millennia, and a crop repertoire that is among the most genetically diverse in the world. "People of the Plow" provides detailed documentation of Ethiopian agricultural practices since the early nineteenth century by examining travel narratives, early agricultural surveys, photographs and engravings, modern farming systems research, and the testimony of farmers themselves, collected during McCann s five years of fieldwork. He then traces the ways those practices have evolved in the twentieth century in response to population growth, urban markets, and the presence of new technologies."