The speed of ecological speciation
The speed of ecological speciation
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01240.x
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发表时间：
2007-06-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Rieseberg, Loren H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hendry, Andrew P.;Nosil, Patrik;Rieseberg, Loren H.
1.适应可以发生在生态时间尺度上（当代进化），适应性分歧可以导致生殖隔离（生态物种形成）。从这两个前提的交叉遵循的预测，生殖隔离可以在生态时间尺度上演变。我们在理论和自然中探索这种可能性。发现很少有相关的研究，我们检查每一个在一些细节。理论：几个模型已经证明，生态差异可以在几十到几百代的时间里推动部分生殖障碍的进化。可能迅速演变的障碍包括扩散率，栖息地偏好和选择对移民/杂交。植物：适应不同肥料处理或尾矿的邻近种群可在至少100代内形成生殖障碍。这些障碍包括开花时间的差异和对移民/杂种的选择。无脊椎动物：在本地和引进的宿主植物上的种群可以在几十到几百代中表现出生殖障碍。这些障碍包括当地东道国的偏好和对移民/混血儿的选择。脊椎动物：鲑鱼适应不同的繁殖环境，可以在至少14代内显示出有限的基因流动。进化出不同迁徙路线的鸟类至少可以在10-20代内交配。杂交杜父鱼可以在至少20-200代内从其祖先物种中分离出来。生态物种形成可以在几十代内开始。它能走多远是未来研究的一个重要问题。
1. Adaptation can occur on ecological time-scales (contemporary evolution) and adaptive divergence can cause reproductive isolation (ecological speciation). From the intersection of these two premises follows the prediction that reproductive isolation can evolve on ecological time-scales. We explore this possibility in theory and in nature. Finding few relevant studies, we examine each in some detail.2. Theory: Several models have demonstrated that ecological differences can drive the evolution of partial reproductive barriers in dozens to hundreds of generations. Barriers likely to evolve quickly include dispersal rate, habitat preference and selection against migrants/hybrids.3. Plants: Adjacent populations adapting to different fertilizer treatments or to mine tailings can develop reproductive barriers within at least 100 generations. These barriers include differences in flowering time and selection against migrants/hybrids.4. Invertebrates: Populations on native and introduced host plants can manifest reproductive barriers in dozens to hundreds of generations. These barriers include local host preference and selection against migrants/hybrids.5. Vertebrates: Salmon adapting to divergent breeding environments can show restricted gene flow within at least 14 generations. Birds evolving different migratory routes can mate assortatively within at least 10-20 generations. Hybrid sculpins can become isolated from their ancestral species within at least 20-200 generations.6. Ecological speciation can commence within dozens of generations. How far it goes is an important question for future research.