Iron ore supplies to the United Kingdom iron and steel industry
Iron ore supplies to the United Kingdom iron and steel industry
复制标题
向英国钢铁工业供应铁矿石
DOI：
10.1179/mnt.2001.110.2.75
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发表时间：
2001
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Juckes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Goldring;L. Juckes
英国钢铁工业的铁矿石来源模式随着国内和世界范围内的技术发展和发现而演变。在早期，矿石来自许多地方，支撑着当地的小型工业。从18世纪中期开始，特别是在焦炭取代木炭作为还原剂之后，产量迅速增长。产出越来越集中于英格兰中部和东部的大量层状磷铁矿资源；运河和铁路网改善了交通，加速了这一进程。对坎布里亚和南威尔士的低磷替代赤铁矿进行了开发，特别是满足酸性贝塞炉工艺的要求。进口开始于19世纪中期，最初来自欧洲和北非，多年来国内和进口的矿石都被大量使用。在20世纪60年代和70年代采用林茨-多纳维茨炼钢工艺后，完全依赖进口。大约在同一时间，采矿和海运的发展使利用来自世界各地的矿石成为可能。近年来，铁矿石供应主要来自澳大利亚、巴西、加拿大和南非。大部分供应是烧结粉，还有相当数量的块状矿和一些球团矿。预计短期到中期不会出现重大的技术变革。块状矿石可能较少，但高炉实践的变化，如喷煤，可能使其不那么理想。从长远来看，人们可能不得不接受磷含量稍高的矿石。最终，替代高炉的工艺可能会产生更大的影响。
Abstract The pattern of iron ore sources for the United Kingdom iron and steel industry has evolved in response to both national and worldwide technical developments and discoveries. In the earliest times ores came from numerous locations and supported small, local industries. Production grew rapidly from the mid-eighteenth century, especially after coke replaced charcoal as a reductant. Output became focused increasingly on the large resources of bedded phosphoric ironstones of central and eastern England; this was accelerated by the improved transport offered by the canal and railway networks. The low-phosphorus replacement hematite ores of Cumbria and South Wales were also exploited, especially to meet the requirements of the acid Bessemer process. Imports began in the mid-nineteenth century, initially from Europe and North Africa, and both domestic and imported ores were used on a substantial scale for many years. Dependence on imports became complete with the adoption of the Linz-Donawitz steelmaking process in the 1960s and 1970s. At about the same time mining and ocean freight developments enabled the use of ores from worldwide sources. In recent years ore supplies have come mainly from Australia, Brazil, Canada and South Africa. Most of the supply is sintering fines, with considerable quantities of lump ore and some pellets. Major technological changes in the short to medium term are not expected. There may be less lump ore available, but changes in blast-furnace practice, such as coal injection, may make it less desirable. In the longer term ores may have to be accepted with slightly higher phosphorus levels. Eventually, alternative processes to the blast-furnace may come to have a greater impact.