An Introduction to Grounded Theory: Choosing and Implementing an Emergent Method
An Introduction to Grounded Theory: Choosing and Implementing an Emergent Method
复制标题
扎根理论简介：选择和实施涌现方法
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
L. Mcnair
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cassandra Groen;Denise R. Simmons;L. Mcnair
揭示了需要调整和完善整体理论结构的领域。重复这个过程，直到理论饱和，没有新的主题出现的数据。表四：编码实施策略的概述编码阶段实施策略结果来自本研究的示例方法初始编码MaxQDATM软件：允许研究人员识别紧急代码的数量和频率访谈记录的逐行编码开始分析的初始代码识别话语执行的动作（例如，强化自我，使用分数来衡量知识的获得重点编码将代码打印在纸条上并组织起来面试成绩单的逐个事件编码可视化代码之间的关系识别在进一步分析中要编码的事件识别谈判及其对学生身份的影响之间的脱节识别编码主题（例如，在大学之前，作为一名大学生管理生活，以及自我和职业的对齐轴向编码在打印的面试成绩单上基于文档的编码根据GT框架组织事件的属性识别事件的属性识别事件之间的关系创建涌现理论的初始结构利用GT组件来组织数据（例如，策略，因果条件，结果，和干预条件）[2]理论编码<$在打印的访谈记录上逐个事件编码<$识别理论应用的总体趋势<$识别和解释负面案例<$识别自我定义的变化与土木工程专业定义的变化理论类别<$文档-基于打印的访谈记录的编码从现有的理论中提取以阐明涌现模型的组成部分阐明模型的抽象意义识别受身份显着性[10]，社会身份理论[30]启发的身份谈判的方向，31]，和话语分析[37]理论饱和（Theoretical Saturation）MaxQDATM软件：允许研究人员将涌现理论应用于参与者访谈（Incident-by-incident coding of printed interview transcripts）检查并最终确定理论（Examine and finalize theory）调整并识别模型的细微特征（即，在各个编码阶段，重要的是要注意主题不会立即转化为理论。随着比较的进行和类别的确定，这些类别之间的关系变得越来越抽象和理论化。支持理论发展的一种方法是绘制和概述涌现理论的拟议模型。这个素描过程本身可以作为一个分析步骤，并为研究人员提供了测试不同理论命题的自由。在我们的研究中，我们开发了一个接地理论的专业身份形成本科土木工程专业的学生，我们开始勾勒理论关系开始在重点编码阶段。然后对这些草图进行调整和改进，以帮助在整个数据分析过程中进行理论抽象。
ion revealed areas in which to adjust and finalize the overall theory structure. This process was repeated until theoretical saturation occured and no new themes emerged from the data. Table 4: Summary of Coding Implementation Strategies Coding Phase Implementation Strategy Outcome Example Approaches from Present Study Initial Coding MaxQDATM software: allows researchers to identify number and frequency of emergent codes Line-by-line coding of interview transcripts Initial codes to begin analysis Identify actions performed by utterances (e.g., reinforcing self, using grades to measure knowledge gains Focused Coding Print codes on strips of paper and organize Incident-by-incident coding of interview transcripts Visualize relationships among codes Identify incidents to be coded in further analysis Identify a disconnect between a negotiation and their impacts on student identity Identify coding themes (e.g., prior to college, managing life as a college student, and alignment of self and profession Axial Coding Document-based coding on printed interview transcripts Organize properties of incidents according to GT framework Identify properties of incidents Identify relationships among incidents Create initial structure of the emergent theory Utilize GT components to organize data (e.g., strategies, causal conditions, outcomes, and intervening conditions) [2] Theoretical Coding Incident-by-incident coding on printed interview transcripts Identify overall trends for theory application Identify and account for negative cases Identify shifts in definitions of self vs. shifts in definition of the civil engineering profession Theoretical Categories Document-based coding on printed interview transcripts Draw from existing theories to articulate components of the emergent model Articulate model Abstract meaning Identify orientations of identity negotiations inspired by identity saliency [10], social identity theory [30, 31], and discourse analysis [37] Theoretical Saturation MaxQDATM software: allows researchers to apply emergent theory to participant interviews Incident-by-incident coding of printed interview transcripts Examine and finalize theory Tweak and identify nuanced characteristics of the model (i.e., identifying when the model dissolves) Throughout the various coding phases, it is important to note that themes do not immediately translate into a theory. As comparisons are made and categories are identified, relationships between these categories become increasingly abstract and theoretically-focused. One way to bolster theory development is to draw and sketch proposed models of the emergent theory. This sketching process can be used as an analytical step itself and provides the researcher with the freedom to test different theoretical propositions. For our study in which we developed a grounded theory of professional identity formation for undergraduate civil engineering students, we began sketching theory relationships starting at the focused coding phase. These sketches were then tweaked and refined to aid in theory abstraction throughout data analysis.