The changing prevalence of myopia in young adults: A 13-year series of population-based prevalence surveys
The changing prevalence of myopia in young adults: A 13-year series of population-based prevalence surveys
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DOI：
10.1167/iovs.04-0260
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发表时间：
2005-08-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Benyamini, OG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bar Dayan, Y;Levin, A;Benyamini, OG
目的.确定1990年至2002年期间16- 22岁年龄组近视患病率的变化，并确定可能的危险因素。一项回顾性研究，基于13年期间进行的13次重复患病率调查。研究对象均为1990年至2002年间16至22岁年龄段的以色列国民。通过使用主观视力确定屈光度，然后进行非睫状肌麻痹自动验光，并根据自动验光结果进行主观验证。轻度近视定义为至少一只眼睛的屈光不正为-0.50至-3.00 D，中度近视定义为-3.25至-6.00 D，高度近视定义为大于-6.00 D.本研究纳入了919，929例受试者（382，139例[42%]女性和537，790例[58%]男性）。近视的整体患病率由1990年的20.3%上升至2002年的28.3%。男性高度、中度和轻度近视患病率分别从1990年的1.7%、5.7%和11.6%上升到2002年的2.05%、7.2%和16.3%（P < 0.001）。女性近视患病率分别从1990年的1.9%、6.6%和13.5%上升到2002年的2.4%、9.2%和20.7%（P < 0.001）。近视与受教育年限之间存在相关性。非以色列裔被认为是近视的一个重要危险因素。在1990年至2002年的13年间，以色列人口中近视的患病率显著增加。虽然与教育水平、性别、种族和出身有关，但近视的患病率每年都在增加，与这些因素无关。
PURPOSE. To determine the changing prevalence of myopia during the years 1990 through 2002 among the 16- to 22-year age group and identify possible risk factors.METHODS. A retrospective study, based on 13 repeated prevalence surveys conducted over a 13-year period. The study subjects were all Israeli nationals belonging to the 16- to 22-year age group from the years 1990 to 2002. Refraction was determined by using subjective visual acuity followed by noncycloplegic autorefraction and subjective validation based on the autorefraction results. Mild myopia was defined as a refractive error of - 0.50 to - 3.00 D in at least one eye, moderate myopia as - 3.25 to - 6.00 D, and high myopia as more than - 6.00 D.RESULTS. There were 919,929 subjects ( 382,139 [42%] females and 537,790 [58%] males) included in the study. The overall prevalence of myopia increased from 20.3% in 1990 to 28.3% in 2002. The prevalence of high, moderate, and mild myopia significantly increased in males from 1.7%, 5.7%, and 11.6% in 1990 to 2.05%, 7.2%, and 16.3% in 2002, respectively ( P < 0.001). In females, the prevalence of myopia increased from 1.9%, 6.6%, and 13.5% in 1990 to 2.4%, 9.2%, and 20.7% in 2002, respectively ( P < 0.001). A correlation between myopia and the number of years of education was observed. Non-Israeli origin was found to be a significant risk factor for myopia.CONCLUSIONS. During the 13 years from 1990 to 2002, the prevalence of myopia significantly increased among the Israeli population. Although there was an association with the level of education, gender, ethnicity, and origin, the prevalence of myopia increased on an annual basis, independent of these factors.