Biomechanical consequences of running with deep core muscle weakness.
Biomechanical consequences of running with deep core muscle weakness.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.11.037
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发表时间：
2018-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Margaret E. Raabe;A. Chaudhari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Margaret E. Raabe;A. Chaudhari
深核心肌肉往往被忽视或训练不当的运动员。这种肌肉组织的功能不正常可能导致异常的脊柱负荷、肌肉拉伤或脊柱结构损伤，所有这些都与增加的腰痛（LBP）风险有关。本研究的目的是确定潜在的策略，用于补偿在运行过程中的深核心肌肉组织的弱点，并确定伴随的变化，在压缩和剪切脊柱负荷。在OpenSim中为8名健康的年轻人创建了运动学驱动的地上跑步模拟，这些年轻人的深核心肌肉无力程度不断增加。深层核心肌肉（多裂肌、腰方肌、腰大肌和竖脊肌深束）单独和共同减弱。胸最长肌浅肌对4/5例肌无力有明显的补偿作用（p < 0.05）。当单独减弱时，深层竖脊肌需要最大的补偿（补偿肌肉力量产生增加高达45 ± 10%，p = 0.004），这表明它可能对控制跑步运动学贡献最大。在完全深核心肌无力的情况下，所有腰椎的峰值前向剪切载荷增加（高达19%，p = 0.001）。此外，上腰椎的压缩脊柱载荷增加（高达15%，p = 0.007），下腰椎的压缩脊柱载荷减少（高达8%，p = 0.008）。肌肉代偿可能增加肌肉疲劳或损伤的风险，并且在多个步态周期中增加的脊柱负荷可能导致脊柱结构损伤。因此，深层核心肌肉力量不足可能会增加跑步者患下腰痛的风险。
The deep core muscles are often neglected or improperly trained in athletes. Improper function of this musculature may lead to abnormal spinal loading, muscle strain, or injury to spinal structures, all of which have been associated with increased low back pain (LBP) risk. The purpose of this study was to identify potential strategies used to compensate for weakness of the deep core musculature during running and to identify accompanying changes in compressive and shear spinal loads. Kinematically-driven simulations of overground running were created for eight healthy young adults in OpenSim at increasing levels of deep core muscle weakness. The deep core muscles (multifidus, quadratus lumborum, psoas, and deep fascicles of the erector spinae) were weakened individually and together. The superficial longissimus thoracis was a significant compensator for 4 out of 5 weakness conditions (p < 0.05). The deep erector spinae required the largest compensations when weakened individually (up to a 45 ± 10% increase in compensating muscle force production, p = 0.004), revealing it may contribute most to controlling running kinematics. With complete deep core muscle weakness, peak anterior shear loading increased on all lumbar vertebrae (up to 19%, p = 0.001). Additionally, compressive spinal loading increased on the upper lumbar vertebrae (up to 15%, p = 0.007) and decreased on the lower lumbar vertebrae (up to 8%, p = 0.008). Muscular compensations may increase risk of muscular fatigue or injury and increased spinal loading over numerous gait cycles may result in damage to spinal structures. Therefore, insufficient strength of the deep core musculature may increase a runner’s risk of developing LBP.