An assessment of the Japan Railway companies since privatization: Performance, local rail service and debts
An assessment of the Japan Railway companies since privatization: Performance, local rail service and debts
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自私有化以来日本铁路公司的评估：绩效、地方铁路服务和债务
DOI：
10.1080/014416499295574
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
F. Mizutani
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Mizutani
本文讨论了与日本国家铁路私有化有关的三个问题：每条日本铁路(JR)私有化以来的表现、私有化以来地方铁路服务的状况以及JR长期债务的处理。首先，在总结了JNR在1987年私有化期间发生的事情后，我将分析JRS自私有化以来的表现，并采用以下业绩指标：运营收入成本比率作为财务状况的指标；平均票价；工资；劳动生产率；以及平均运营成本。在这一分析中，我将调查实现业绩改进的因素，例如与组织结构、激励计划、公司战略等相关的竞争压力和实际选择。第二，我将重点讨论自私有化以来小社区的地方铁路服务是否保持不变的问题。反对私有化的人辩称，这种服务将会萎缩。以日本铁路公司的典型本地铁路为样本，服务质素反映在班次、营运时间、首班列车及末班列车的发车班次，所有数据均在1987年(私有化开始)至1997年(私有化后10年)期间计算。最后，讨论了JNR目前的长期债务问题。除了出售Jnr的土地和股票外，不可避免的是，纳税人的钱将不得不用于偿还这笔巨额债务。我将概述政府已决定的清算计划，并研究债务困境带来的政治参与。
This paper deals with three issues related to the privatization of Japan National Railway: the performance of each Japan Railway (JR) since privatization, the state of local rail service since the privatization and the handling of JNR's long-term debts. First, after a summary of what happened during the privatization of JNR in 1987, I will analyse the JRs' performance since privatization, taking the following performance measures: operating revenue cost ratio as an indicator of financial situation; average fare; wage; labour productivity; and average operating costs. In this analysis, I will investigate factors that attain performance improvement, such as competitive pressures and practical options related to organizational structure, incentive schemes, corporate strategies, etc. Second, I will focus on the question of whether the local rail service in small communities has remained intact since privatization. Opponents to privatization had argued that such service would atrophy. With JRs' typical local lines as samples, service quality is observed as reflected in frequency, operating time, departure of first and last train, with all figures taken between 1987 (the onset of privatization) and 1997 (10 years after privatization). Finally, the current issue of the long-term debts of JNR is discussed. In addition to the sale of JNR land and stock, it is inevitable that taxpayers' money will have to be used against this massive debt. I will outline the liquidation plan upon which the government has decided and look into the kind of political involvement brought about by the debt predicament.