Two perspectives on the origin of sex differences in the brain
Two perspectives on the origin of sex differences in the brain
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1286.018
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发表时间：
2003-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
De Vries, GJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arnold, AP;Rissman, EF;De Vries, GJ
大脑功能的性别差异大多归因于性腺分泌物影响的性别差异。此外，然而，男性和女性细胞的不同，因为细胞内表达的性染色体基因的差异效应。后一个结论来自许多研究，其中性表型似乎对发育期间性激素的影响不敏感，或者性别差异在性腺分泌的性别特异性模式出现之前就已出现。最近，已经有小鼠模型，其中脑细胞的遗传性别与性腺类型（睾丸与卵巢）无关，这允许测试性染色体基因在大脑发育中的作用。本文综述了脑细胞的遗传性别影响其性别表型的证据，并批判性地讨论了各种实验方法来研究这种影响的相对优势。
Most sex differences in brain function are attributed to sex differences in the effects of gonadal secretions. In addition, however, male and female cells differ because of differential effects of sex chromosome genes expressed within the cells themselves. The latter conclusion comes from numerous studies in which sexual phenotype appears to be insensitive to the effects of sex hormones during development or cases in which sex differences develop before the onset of sex-specific patterns of gonadal secretions. Recently, mouse models have become available in which the genetic sex of brain cells is independent of the gonadal type (testes vs. ovaries), which allows a test of the role of sex chromosome genes in brain development. This paper reviews the evidence that genetic sex of brain cells influences their sexual phenotype, and critically discusses the relative advantages of various experimental approaches to study this effect.