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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-030-45795-2_4
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发表时间：
2020
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Gustavo Pereira
中科院分区：
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作者：
Gustavo Pereira
如果没有一个度量或信息基础，就不能对贫困进行充分的概念化，从而允许进行人际比较，以确定什么是穷人，谁更穷。指标提供了选择与流程比较相关的信息的标准，这意味着在评估中考虑了某些信息，而排除了其他信息。作为这种规范性选择的结果，一些社会情况可能会被纳入贫困评估，而另一些可能不会，这使得这种选择具有相关性。我的观点是，鉴于其全面性，森和努斯鲍姆的能力衡量标准是最合适的。能力指标不仅考虑了收入、住房或健康等维度，还考虑了认可度的各个方面，如我们在亲密关系中、在与国家机构建立的关系中或在社会生活中与伴侣建立的关系中获得的自信。特别是，我为能力指标辩护，认为能力指标包括S与自我的实际关系，自信、自尊和自尊为个人提供了足够的自力更生来参与社会生活。基于这些方面的认可，并将能力概念作为贫困的衡量标准，我打算将一种特定的贫困概念化：公民贫困，我将其定义为阻碍个人参与决策过程的基本能力的发展。公民贫困可以被认为是一种对代理产生负面影响的贫困，因为提出主张、交换论点和证明自己立场的能力受到破坏，阻碍了成为代理的条件。因此，公民贫困使某些社会群体及其主张无法被看到，因为他们的声音不能被听到。
Poverty cannot be adequately conceptualised without a metric or informational basis allowing for interpersonal comparisons that determine what being poor is and who is poorer. A metric provides a criterion to select the information that is relevant to process comparisons, which implies that some pieces of information are considered in the evaluation, whereas others are excluded. As a consequence of this normative selection, some social circumstances may be captured in the evaluation of poverty, while others may not, which makes such selection relevant.My position is that Sen’s and Nussbaum’s capability metric is the most suitable one given its comprehensiveness. The capability metric not only accounts for dimensions such as income, housing or health but also aspects of recognition such as the self-assurance we obtain in intimate relationships, in the relations we establish with state institutions or with our partners in social life. In particular, I defend that the capability metric includes Honneth ’s practical relations-to-self of self-confidence, self-respect and self-esteem that provide individuals with enough self-reliance to participate in social life.Based on these aspects of recognition and taking the capability concept as a metric of poverty, I intend to conceptualise a specific kind of poverty: civic poverty, which I define as a blockage to the development of basic capabilities that allow individuals to participate in decision-making processes. Civic poverty can be considered as a kind of poverty that negatively affects agency since the undermining of the capabilities to raise claims, exchange arguments and justify one’s position hinders the condition of being an agent. As a result, civic poverty prevents certain social groups and their claims from being visible, insofar as they cannot have their voices heard.