SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) MOTH FLIGHT AND DISPERSAL - NEW UNDERSTANDING FROM CANOPY OBSERVATIONS, RADAR, AND AIRCRAFT
SPRUCE BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA, TORTRICIDAE) MOTH FLIGHT AND DISPERSAL - NEW UNDERSTANDING FROM CANOPY OBSERVATIONS, RADAR, AND AIRCRAFT
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DOI：
10.4039/entm112110fv
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发表时间：
1980-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
RAINEY, RC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GREENBANK, DO;SCHAEFER, GW;RAINEY, RC
加拿大新不伦瑞克省的一个研究项目协调使用雷达、专门的仪器飞机和从延伸到森林冠层以上的平台上进行的观测，确定了云杉budworm蛾（C. fumiferana）夜间起飞飞行的大规模和规律性，以及随后夜间在地面高处的扩散。夜间观测望远镜显示，飞蛾从树冠上起飞，一直持续到日落2.5小时后的23点30分，而每晚大约在同一时间开始出现强度和大小一致的雷达点回波。雷达回波的直接识别是在塞斯纳185飞机上用昆虫收集网同时捕获的虫蛾。在迁徙、流离失所和移民期间收集的飞蛾中携带卵的雌性比例很高。雷达记录了飞蛾的爬升率和达到的高度，并提供了它们的数量、密度、方向、方向、速度和位移持续时间的数据。空中飞蛾集中在风辐合带，在30公里外的雷达上探测到风移锋飞蛾的线回波。风移锋通过地面站点的时间是通过气球观测和24米气象塔上的传感设备探测到的。从DC-3观测到的新不伦瑞克省的风场，在许多晚上显示出高度均匀的风和其他晚上的辐合风之间的明显对比。重点讨论了中尺度海风锋和风暴单体对飞蛾浓度和扩散的潜在影响。利用雷达技术，首次对云杉-budworm蛾类的扩散进行了全面观察，为更好地评价蛾类扩散在虫害发生和扩散中的意义提供了新的研究数据。
A research program in New Brunswick [Canada] coordinating the use of radar, specially instrumented aircraft and observations from platforms extending above the forest canopy established the massive scale and regularity of evening take-off flights by spruce budworm moths, C. fumiferana and of subsequent nocturnal dispersal at levels high above the ground. A night-viewing telescope showed moths taking off from the tree crowns up until 2330 h, 2.5 h after sunset, while radar dot echoes of uniform strength and size began to appear each night at about the same time. Direct identification of radar echoes was provided by simultaneous catches of budworm moths taken in insect-collecting nets on Cessna 185 aircraft. Moths collected during emigration, displacement and immigration contained a high proportion of egg-carrying females. Radar recorded the rates of climb and the altitudes reached by the flying moths and provided data on their numbers, density, orientation, direction, speed and duration of displacement. Airborne moths became concentrated in zones of wind convergence and line-echoes from moths at wind-shift fronts were detected on radar at distances of 30 km. The time of passage of wind-shift fronts over a surface site was detectable by pilot-balloon observations and by sensing equipment on a 24 m meteorological tower. Windfields over New Brunswick, as found from a DC-3, showed a marked contrast between the high degree of wind uniformity on many evenings and convergent winds on other evenings. Attention is focussed on the potential effects of meso-scale sea breeze fronts and of storm cells on moth concentration and dispersal. Through the use of radar, spruce-budworm moth dispersal was viewed for the 1st time in its entirety and the integrated research program has provided new data for better evaluation of the significance of moth dispersal in the initiation and spread of infestations.