Is It Polite to Hiss?: Nonverbal Sound Objects as Markers of (Im)politeness in Korean
Is It Polite to Hiss?: Nonverbal Sound Objects as Markers of (Im)politeness in Korean
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DOI：
10.3389/fcomm.2022.854066
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发表时间：
2022-05-11
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Winter, Bodo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brown, Lucien;Kim, Hyunji;Winter, Bodo
本文探讨了韩语中经常出现的一种类似嘶嘶声的侵入性声音与礼貌相关的功能，这种声音通常被转录为 ssup。这种非语言声音是通过在舌头旁边或牙齿之间吸入空气而产生的，并且可能在转弯之前或转弯期间出现。之前的研究表明，说韩语的人在称呼地位较高的人时更容易发出嘶嘶声。这表明与礼貌相关的功能，特别是考虑到韩国文化中与长辈和上级保持社交距离的重要性。在本文中，我们在三个不同的数据集中探索这些嘶嘶声的语用功能（口头话语完成任务、二元录音、戏剧互动）。我们的分析表明，嘶嘶声执行四种类型的社会行为：表现出精致、活动转变、单词搜索和表达怀疑。在互动或关系出现问题的地方会发出嘶嘶声，以延迟谈话的进展，同时允许说话者启动或维持轮流。它们与其他言语和多模态犹豫标记同时出现。因此，我们认为嘶嘶声的潜在核心含义与困难、不确定性和犹豫有关，以及表示不愿意进行有问题的谈话。在与地位上级的互动中，嘶嘶声和多模式犹豫的频率增加表明，说话者在存在社交距离的情况下互动时试图表现出更多的关心和努力。这些结果有助于我们将礼貌理解为一种多模式和整体现象，在多个言语和非言语维度上表达。
This paper explores the politeness-related functions of an ingressive hissing-like sound that occurs frequently in Korean and which is typically transcribed as ssup. This nonverbal sound is produced by drawing air alongside the tongue or between the teeth and may appear either before the production of a turn, or during turn production. Previous studies have shown that Korean speakers produce more frequent hisses when addressing status superiors. This suggests a politeness-related function, particularly given the importance of marking social distance toward elders and superiors in Korean culture. In the current paper, we explore the pragmatic functions of these hisses in three distinct datasets (oral discourse completion task, dyad recordings, drama interactions). Our analysis shows that hisses perform four types of social actions: displaying delicacy, activity shift, word search, and conveying skepticism. Hisses occur at interactional or relational trouble spots to delay the progression of talk, while allowing the speaker to initiate or maintain their turn. They co-occur with other verbal and multimodal markers of hesitation. We thus see the underlying core meaning of hisses as being related to difficulty, uncertainty and hesitation, and the conveyance of reluctance to perform the problematic talk. The increased frequency of hisses and multimodal hesitation in interactions with status superiors shows us that speakers are trying to show more care and effort when interacting in situations where social distance exists. These results contribute toward our understanding of politeness as a multimodal and holistic phenomenon that is expressed across multiple verbal and nonverbal dimensions.