Pharmacokinetic basis of age-related changes in sensitivity to toxicants.
Pharmacokinetic basis of age-related changes in sensitivity to toxicants.
复制标题
与年龄相关的毒物敏感性变化的药代动力学基础。
DOI：
10.1146/annurev.pa.31.040191.000533
复制
发表时间：
1991
影响因子：
12.5
通讯作者：
L. Birnbaum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. Birnbaum
在美国和其他发达国家，老年人是人口增长最快的部分。人口统计研究估计，到2030年，20%的人口将是65岁以上的“老年人”(1)。这表明从1950年到1980年，65岁及以上的人口分别占8%和12%，呈逐渐增长趋势(2)。85岁及以上的人是人口中增长最快的部分，预计在1980年至2020年期间，这部分人口将增加两倍(3)。事实上，在未来10年内，女性的预期寿命可能达到81岁，男性的预期寿命可能达到73岁(4)。由于老年人的发病率最高，他们需要的保健服务份额不成比例。例如，老年人作为一个群体是处方药的主要使用者(5)，与一般人群相比，这一群体的特殊或不良药物反应的发生率升高（6-8）。虽然这可能部分是由于多药和依从性问题（9,10），但药物反应的性质和药物不良反应的频率都明显随着年龄的增长而增加（11）。
The elderly represent the fastest growing segment of the population in the United States and other developed countries. Demographic studies estimate that 20% of the population will be "elderly", over the age of 65, by the year 2030 (1). This represents a gradual increase from 1950 to 1980 when 8% and 12%, respectively, of the population were 65 or older (2). Those aged 85 and over constitute the fastest growing segment of the population and this segment is expected to triple between 1980 and 2020 (3). In fact, a life expectancy of 81 years for females and 73 years for males appears likely within the next 10 years (4). Since the elderly have the highest incidence of illness, they require a disproportionate share of health care services. As an example, the elderly as a group are the major users of prescription drugs (5), The incidence of idiosyncratic or adverse drug reactions in this group is elevated as compared to the general population (6-8). While this may be due in part to issues of polypharmacy and compliance (9, 10), both the nature of drug response as well as the frequency of adverse drug reactions clearly increase with age (11,