Effects of microbial fertilizer and irrigation amount on growth, physiology and water use efficiency of tomato in greenhouse
Effects of microbial fertilizer and irrigation amount on growth, physiology and water use efficiency of tomato in greenhouse
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微生物肥料和灌水量对温室番茄生长、生理及水分利用效率的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.scienta.2023.112553
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发表时间：
2024-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Jie Liu;Hui Li;Zhenyu Yuan;Jiajia Feng;Shuaihong Chen;Guangzhao Sun;Zhenhua Wei;Tiantian Hu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jie Liu;Hui Li;Zhenyu Yuan;Jiajia Feng;Shuaihong Chen;Guangzhao Sun;Zhenhua Wei;Tiantian Hu
通过盆栽试验，研究了施用微生物肥和不同灌溉方式对番茄植株生长、生理、水分利用效率及土壤养分的影响。微生物肥料采用枯草芽孢杆菌（bacillus subtilisfertilizer, b.s.）、多粘芽孢杆菌（bacillus polymyxfertilizer, b.p.）和组合芽孢杆菌（combinedbacillusspecies, b.c.）作为微生物肥料，以未施用芽孢杆菌的植物为对照（CK）。设置3个灌溉水平，分别为充分灌溉（I1）和亏缺灌溉(2/3 I1 （I2）和1/3 I1 (I3)，灌水量为95% （θf）。结果表明：微生物肥除增加植株根长、根表面积、根体积外，还提高了叶片光合速率（An）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、相对叶绿素含量（CHL）、氮指数平衡（NBI）和叶片水势（Ψl）；提高了植株耗水量、干物质（DM）和水分利用效率（WUE）。施用微生物肥显著提高了叶片氮含量（[N]叶）、氮素利用效率（NUE）、矿质氮和土壤微生物氮含量（MBN）。与对照相比，b.s.、B.p.和b.s.分别提高了17.96%、11.77%和6.83%的An。与对照相比，B.s.肥显著提高了MBN和根长21.99%和55.08%。亏缺灌溉降低了水分、Tr、气孔导度，提高了内在水分利用效率（WUEi）和瞬时水分利用效率（wuinst）。亏缺灌溉降低了叶面积、Ψl、CHL、NBI、根长、根表面积和根体积，从而降低了植物耗水量，优化了植物水分利用效率。本研究中，施用微生物肥减轻了亏缺灌溉对光合作用和水分利用率的负面影响，提高了水分利用效率。与CK和其他微生物肥相比，B.s肥处理的植株水分状况改善，叶片气体交换速率提高，根系更发达，植株氮素积累和氮素利用效率更高。因此，B.s.肥是缓解番茄植株水分胁迫、促进植株生长的最佳策略。
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of microbial fertilizer and irrigation regime on growth, physiology, water use efficiency (WUE) of tomato plants and soil nutrients. Microbial fertilizers:bacillus subtilisfertilizer (B.s.),bacillus polymyxafertilizer (B.p.) and combinedbacillusspecies (B.c.) were used as microbial fertilizers in the study, and plants treated withoutbacillusfertilizer were taken as control (CK). Three irrigation levels were set, i.e., full irrigation (I1) which plants were irrigated to 95 % field capacity (θf), and two deficit irrigations which were 2/3 I1 (I2) and 1/3 I1 (I3), respectively. The result showed that microbial fertilizers enhanced leaf photosynthesis rate (An), transpiration rate (Tr), relative chlorophyll content (CHL), nitrogen index balance (NBI) and leaf water potential (Ψl) in addition to increased plant root length, root surface area, root volume; and promoted plant water consumption, dry matter (DM) and plant water use efficiency (WUE). The content of nitrogen in leaf ([N]leaf), nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), the mineral nitrogen and soil microbial nitrogen content (MBN) were significantly improved by microbial fertilizer. Compared to CK, B.s., B.p. and B.c. increased An by 17.96 %, 11.77 % and 6.83 %, respectively. B.s. fertilizer significantly increased MBN and root length by 21.99 % and 55.08 % than CK. Deficit irrigations decreased An, Tr, stomatal conductance (gs), and improved intrinsic water use efficiency (WUEi) and instantaneous water use efficiency (WUEinst). Deficit irrigation depressed leaf area, Ψl, CHL, NBI, root length, root surface area and root volume, hereby declined plant water consumption, and optimized plant WUE. In this study, microbial fertilizers mitigated negative effects of deficit irrigation on photosynthesis and DM and improved WUE. Compare to CK and other microbial fertilizers, B.s fertilizer treated plants possessed enhanced plant water status, higher leaf gas exchange rates, more developed root system, higher plant nitrogen accumulation and NUE. Hereby, the B.s. fertilizer is an optimal strategy to mitigate water stress in tomato plants and promoted plants growth.