Linking ammonium nitrate‐aluminum ( AN‐AL ) post‐blast residues to pre‐blast explosive materials using isotope ratio and trace elemental analysis for source attribution
Linking ammonium nitrate‐aluminum ( AN‐AL ) post‐blast residues to pre‐blast explosive materials using isotope ratio and trace elemental analysis for source attribution
复制标题
使用同位素比和微量元素分析将爆炸后残留物与爆炸前爆炸材料联系起来，以进行来源归属
DOI：
10.1111/1556-4029.15190
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
1.6
通讯作者：
Dettman, Josh
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ippoliti, Paul;Werlich, Jeffrey;Fuglsby, Cami;Yarnes, Chris;Saunders, Christopher P.;Dettman, Josh
法医科学从业者经常被要求使用痕迹证据（例如爆炸物残留物）来归因犯罪，最终目标是将犯罪与嫌疑人或嫌疑人联系起来，以防止进一步的袭击。由于获取途径有限，爆炸物指控对于涉及爆炸物的犯罪来说是一个有吸引力的组成部分。然而，目前尚无法使用同位素比或微量元素通过爆炸后的微量残留物将炸药与其来源联系起来。在这里，我们试图确定爆炸前的归因特征是否在爆炸后得以保留，并且随后可以被恢复和检测。进行了一项现场研究，从硝酸铵-铝 (AN-Al) 的受控爆炸中回收爆炸后炸药样品，然后通过同位素比质谱 (IRMS) 和电感耦合等离子体质谱 (ICP-MS) 分别对同位素比和微量元素特征进行定量和分析。 AN-Al 的氧和氮同位素比率产生了一些最有希望的结果，在爆炸前和爆炸后数据的传播之间的参考标准偏差内有相当大的重叠。 AN-Al 的微量元素结果支持了同位素比数据的发现，在爆炸前和爆炸后样品中均检测到了 26 种元素，其中 B、Cd、Cr、Ni、Sn、V 和 Zn 等几种元素显示出相当大的重叠。这些初步结果为法医检查的发展提供了概念验证，法医检查可以将爆炸后碎片的特征归因于爆炸前爆炸材料的特征，以供未来调查使用。
Forensic science practitioners are often called upon to attribute crimes using trace evidence, such as explosive remnants, with the ultimate goal of associating a crime with a suspect or suspects in order to prevent further attacks. The explosive charge is an attractive component for attribution in crimes involving explosives as there are limited pathways for acquisition. However, there is currently no capability to link an explosive charge to its source via post‐blast trace residues using isotope ratios or trace elements. Here, we sought to determine if pre‐blast attribution signatures are preserved after detonation and can be subsequently recovered and detected. A field study was conducted to recover samples of post‐blast explosives from controlled detonations of ammonium nitrate‐aluminum (AN‐Al), which were then analyzed via isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS) for quantitation and profiling of isotopes ratio and trace element signatures, respectively. Oxygen and nitrogen isotope ratios from AN‐Al yielded some of the most promising results with considerable overlap within one standard deviation of the reference between the spreads of pre‐ and post‐blast data. Trace element results from AN‐Al support the findings in the isotope ratio data, with 26 elements detected in both pre‐ and post‐blast samples, and several elements including B, Cd, Cr, Ni, Sn, V, and Zn showing considerable overlap. These preliminary results provide a proof‐of‐concept for the development of forensic examinations that can attribute signatures from post‐blast debris to signatures in pre‐blast explosive materials for use in future investigations.