How Did Air Quality Standards Affect Employment at US Power Plants? The Importance of Timing, Geography, and Stringency
How Did Air Quality Standards Affect Employment at US Power Plants? The Importance of Timing, Geography, and Stringency
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DOI：
10.1086/700929
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发表时间：
2019-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
G. Sheriff;A. Ferris;Ronald J. Shadbegian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Sheriff;A. Ferris;Ronald J. Shadbegian
我们研究了1990年《清洁空气法修正案》(CAAA)标题I中新的氮氧化物(NOx)条款对化石燃料发电厂就业的影响。这些规定要求为臭氧运输区和分类更严格的臭氧未达标地区的主要固定源的NOx排放安装合理可用的控制技术(RACT)。使用非达标指定来确定监管影响的标准方法从重要的实施方面抽象出来，如何时发生监管变更、监管在哪里生效以及适用哪些具体监管。忽略这些因素可能会产生偏见，污染控制组，导致低估历史就业影响，高估收紧监管的预期影响。我们的结果表明，新的NOx RACT要求对发电厂的就业产生了负面影响。我们没有发现对发电的重大影响，这表明安装污染控制可能有助于在受影响的机组进行节省劳动力的技术变革。
We examine fossil-fuel power plant employment impacts of new nitrogen oxides (NOx) provisions under Title I of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAAs). These provisions required installation of reasonably available control technology (RACT) for NOx emissions for major stationary sources in the Ozone Transport Region and in more stringently classified ozone nonattainment areas. Standard approaches using nonattainment designation to identify regulatory impacts abstract from important implementation aspects such as when regulatory changes occur, where regulations are in effect, and which specific regulations apply. Omitting these factors can introduce bias by contaminating the control group, leading to underestimation of historical employment impacts and overestimation of projected impacts from tightening regulations. Our results indicate that the new NOx RACT requirements negatively impacted power plant employment. We find no significant impacts on generation, suggesting that installation of pollution controls may have contributed to labor-saving technical change at affected units.