Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes.

Rhizobial Exopolysaccharides: Genetic Regulation of Their Synthesis and Relevance in Symbiosis with Legumes.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms22126233
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发表时间:
2021-06-09
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Vinardell JM
Vinardell JM
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Acosta-Jurado S;Fuentes-Romero F;Ruiz-Sainz JE;Janczarek M;Vinardell JM

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根瘤菌是能够与豆科植物进行固氮共生相互作用的土壤蛋白细菌,其涉及根瘤菌对根部的感染和细菌对植物形成的新器官的入侵,以响应适当的细菌伴侣的存在。这种相互作用依赖于两种共生体之间复杂的分子对话。细菌N-乙酰葡糖胺低聚物称为结因子是必不可少的,在大多数情况下的早期步骤的共生相互作用。此外,不同的根瘤菌表面多糖,如胞外多糖(EPS),也可能是共生相关的。EPS是位于细胞外的酸性多糖,很少或没有细胞缔合,在自由生活和共生中发挥重要作用。EPS生产是非常复杂的调制,并经常与结瘤因子共同调节,但共同调节的类型取决于根瘤菌株。许多研究指出EPS衍生的寡糖在根感染和根瘤入侵中的信号作用,但在某些共生夫妇中,EPS可以被认为是成功的相互作用。总之,根瘤菌EPS生产的复杂调节在不同的根瘤菌中各不相同,并且这种多糖与豆类共生的相关性取决于特定的相互作用对。
Rhizobia are soil proteobacteria able to engage in a nitrogen-fixing symbiotic interaction with legumes that involves the rhizobial infection of roots and the bacterial invasion of new organs formed by the plant in response to the presence of appropriate bacterial partners. This interaction relies on a complex molecular dialogue between both symbionts. Bacterial N-acetyl-glucosamine oligomers called Nod factors are indispensable in most cases for early steps of the symbiotic interaction. In addition, different rhizobial surface polysaccharides, such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), may also be symbiotically relevant. EPS are acidic polysaccharides located out of the cell with little or no cell association that carry out important roles both in free-life and in symbiosis. EPS production is very complexly modulated and, frequently, co-regulated with Nod factors, but the type of co-regulation varies depending on the rhizobial strain. Many studies point out a signalling role for EPS-derived oligosaccharides in root infection and nodule invasion but, in certain symbiotic couples, EPS can be dispensable for a successful interaction. In summary, the complex regulation of the production of rhizobial EPS varies in different rhizobia, and the relevance of this polysaccharide in symbiosis with legumes depends on the specific interacting couple.
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