The sources and dynamics of competitive authoritarianism in Ukraine
The sources and dynamics of competitive authoritarianism in Ukraine
复制标题
乌克兰竞争性威权主义的根源和动态
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Lucan Way
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lucan Way
竞争性威权主义（Competitive authoritarianism）指的是选举具有竞争性，是获取权力的主要手段，但公民和政治自由经常被寻求保住权力的现任者滥用的国家。这种政权需要作为一种单独的政权类型来对待，而不是作为向民主的过渡。它们已经存在了很长一段时间，不一定民主化，并提出了一系列在研究完全民主或完全独裁政权时被忽视的问题。乌克兰的竞争性威权主义最好被视为苏联时代供给侧结构性因素而不是需求侧结构性因素的产物。民主的失败并不是由民众对独裁统治的要求或极端主义团体的力量（正如20世纪90年代初所担心的那样）来解释的，而是由当权者滥用苏联制度遗产所创造的民主规范的机会来解释的。
Competitive authoritarianism describes countries in which elections are competitive and the primary means of gaining power but in which civil and political liberties are regularly abused by incumbents seeking to preserve power. Such regimes need to be treated as a separate regime type rather than as in transition to democracy. They have existed for long periods of time, do not necessarily democratize, and raise a set of questions ignored in studies of either fully democratic or fully authoritarian regimes. Competitive authoritarianism in Ukraine can best be seen as the outgrowth of supply-side rather than demand-side structural factors from the Soviet era. The failure of democracy is explained not by popular demands for authoritarian rule or the strength of extremist groups – as feared in the early 1990s – but by opportunities for incumbents to abuse democratic norms created by Soviet institutional legacies.