Institutional and Individual Factors Affecting Health and Employment for Low-Income Women With Chronic Health Conditions
Institutional and Individual Factors Affecting Health and Employment for Low-Income Women With Chronic Health Conditions
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DOI：
10.1093/geronb/gby149
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发表时间：
2020-06-01
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Harootyan, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Carolan, Kelsi;Gonzales, Ernest;Harootyan, Robert A.
目的：本定性研究探讨了影响就业和健康的风险和保护因素低收入老年妇女慢性健康状况或身体disability.Methods：作者进行了一个二级数据分析14个密集的采访与低收入老年妇女慢性健康状况谁参加了联邦政府资助的培训和就业计划，为55岁及以上的工人。定性数据进行了分析，使用专题analysis.Results：的工作和歧视的身体性质的风险因素，与不适应的工作环境，年龄歧视，和/或能力歧视，和内化的年龄歧视确定为次主题的歧视。保护性因素，即体制支持（例如，获得再培训，时间管理灵活性）增强了健康和自信心。与个人能力相匹配的职业需求导致了持续就业和健康状况的改善。讨论：工作条件可以通过暴露于精神和身体健康风险来降低健康水平，或者通过获得财务和人际关系资源来支持健康。工作场所的灵活性和再培训等体制支持对于在职业需求和个人能力之间取得良好的配合至关重要，能够在就业和健康之间建立积极的关系。旨在防止歧视、增加终身学习机会和鼓励患有慢性病的低收入妇女灵活工作安排的立法，可促进更健康的工作生活。
Objectives: This qualitative study explored risk and protective factors affecting employment and health among low-income older women with chronic health conditions or physical disabilities.Methods: The authors conducted a secondary data analysis of 14 intensive interviews with low-income older women with chronic health conditions who had participated in a federally funded training and employment program for workers aged 55 and older. Qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results: The physical nature of the work and discrimination were risk factors, with unaccommodating work environments, ageism, and/or ableism, and internalized ageism identified as subthemes of discrimination. Protective factors, namely institutional supports (e.g., access to retraining, time management flexibility) enhanced health and self-confidence. Occupational demands matched with the capacity of the individual resulted in continued employment and improved health.Discussion: Working conditions can degrade health through exposure to mental and physical health risks, or support health through access to financial and interpersonal resources. Institutional supports such as workplace flexibility and retraining are crucial to obtaining a good fit between occupational demands and the capacity of individuals, enabling a positive relationship between employment and health. Legislation designed to prevent discrimination, enhance opportunities for lifelong learning, and encourage flexible work arrangements among low-income women with chronic health conditions may facilitate healthier working lives.