Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios of Food and Beverage in Brazil
Carbon and Nitrogen Isotope Ratios of Food and Beverage in Brazil
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DOI：
10.3390/molecules25061457
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发表时间：
2020-03-02
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Camargo, Plinio B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Martinelli, Luiz A.;Nardoto, Gabriela B.;Camargo, Plinio B.
先前在巴西使用碳和氮稳定同位素比率对目标食品进行的几项研究表明，许多被调查的食品都是掺假的；贴错标签甚至欺诈。在这里，我们提出了第一个巴西同位素基线评估，不仅可以用于未来涉及食品真实性的法医案件，还可以用于人类法医人类学研究。在1245种食品和374种饮料中测定了δ C-13和δ N-15；大多数都是巴西制造的。C-3植物的δ C-13和δ N-15的平均值分别为-26.7 +/- 1.5和3.9 +/- 3.9 ppm， C-4植物的δ C-13和δ N-15的平均值分别为-11.5 +/- 0.8和4.6 +/- 2.6 ppm。植物性加工食品的δ C-13和δ N-15分别为-21.8 +/- 4.8和3.9 +/- 2.7。肉类（包括牛肉、家禽、猪肉和羊肉）的δ C-13和δ N-15的平均值分别为-16.6 +/- 4.7和5.2 +/- 2.6‰，而动物性加工食品的δ C-13和δ N-15分别为-17.9 +/- 3.3和3.3 +/- 3.5‰。包括啤酒和葡萄酒在内的饮料的δ C-13平均值为-22.5 +/- 3.1‰。我们证实，C-C-4在鲜肉、乳制品以及动植物加工食品中占很大比例。这一高比例背后的原因将在本研究中解决。
Several previous studies on targeted food items using carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios in Brazil have revealed that many of the items investigated are adulterated; mislabeled or even fraud. Here, we present the first Brazilian isotopic baseline assessment that can be used not only in future forensic cases involving food authenticity, but also in human forensic anthropology studies. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 were determined in 1245 food items and 374 beverages; most of them made in Brazil. The average delta C-13 and delta N-15 of C-3 plants were -26.7 +/- 1.5 parts per thousand, and 3.9 +/- 3.9 parts per thousand, respectively, while the average delta C-13 and delta N-15 of C-4 plants were -11.5 +/- 0.8 parts per thousand and 4.6 +/- 2.6 parts per thousand, respectively. The delta C-13 and delta N-15 of plant-based processed foods were -21.8 +/- 4.8 parts per thousand and 3.9 +/- 2.7 parts per thousand, respectively. The average delta C-13 and delta N-15 of meat, including beef, poultry, pork and lamb were -16.6 +/- 4.7 parts per thousand, and 5.2 +/- 2.6 parts per thousand, respectively, while the delta C-13 and delta N-15 of animal-based processed foods were -17.9 +/- 3.3 parts per thousand and 3.3 +/- 3.5 parts per thousand, respectively. The average delta C-13 of beverages, including beer and wine was -22.5 +/- 3.1 parts per thousand. We verified that C-C-4 constitutes a large proportion of fresh meat, dairy products, as well as animal and plant-based processed foods. The reasons behind this high proportion will be addressed in this study.