A stone in their hands... Are monkeys tool users
A stone in their hands... Are monkeys tool users
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手里拿着石头……猴子是工具使用者吗
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Garber
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
B. Urbani;P. Garber
本文回顾了在圈养，半自由，野生新，旧世界猴的工具使用的自发情况下的文献。这些数据进行评估，以确定目前可用的证据是否支持猴子自然或自发使用工具的假设，并了解报告的工具在解决任务中的功能。根据Panger（1998，1999）对工具使用和物体使用的区分，我们发现猴子自发使用工具的证据非常有限。绝大多数已发表的报告与三个灵长类属，Cebus，Macaca和Papio的物种有关。此外，文献中描述的大多数观察结果都是使用工具的例子。考虑到报告的使用工具事件的数量非常少，并且通常只有1或2名成员被观察到将物体作为工具操作，我们得出结论，（1）目前可用的证据不支持猴子自然使用工具的论点，（2）在那些猴子被报道使用工具的案例中，从动物的行为来看，它们对工具功能的理解程度仍然不清楚。（偶然的知识）完成任务。
This paper reviews the literature on spontaneous cases of tool use in captive, semi-free, and wild New and Old World monkeys. These data are evaluated to determine whether the presently available evidence supports the assumption that monkeys naturally or spontaneously use tools, and understand how the reported tool functions in solving a task. Following Panger's (1998, 1999) distinction between tool-using and object-using, we found extremely limited evidence for spontaneous tool use in monkeys. The overwhelming number of published reports were associated with species of three primate genera, Cebus, Macaca and Papio. Moreover, the majority of observations described in the literature as tool use are examples of object use. Considering the extremely small number of reported tool-using events and the fact that typically only 1 or 2 members of a group have been observed to manipulate objects as tools, we conclude, (1) the presently available evidence does not support the contention that monkeys naturally use tools, and (2) in those cases when monkeys are reported to use tools it remains unclear from the animals' behaviour the degree to which they understand how the tool functioned (casual knowledge) in accomplishing the task.