STRIPE RUST, YIELD, AND PLANT COMPETITION IN WHEAT CULTIVAR MIXTURES
STRIPE RUST, YIELD, AND PLANT COMPETITION IN WHEAT CULTIVAR MIXTURES
复制标题
DOI：
10.1094/phyto-82-905
复制
发表时间：
1992-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
MUNDT, CC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
FINCKH, MR;MUNDT, CC
1986、1987和1987-1988年分别在3个和2个地点对2个、3个、4个或5个冬小麦品种(Triticum Aestivum)及其组成的纯林进行了两个条锈病小种的暴露或保护。测定了混交林和纯林的病情严重程度和每个品种的产量构成因素。与各成分的平均值相比，混合物中的疾病严重程度降低了13%至97%。疾病严重程度的变化可以分为两种影响。首先，与种植频率相比，在收获时，选择改变了品种在混合物中的频率高达35%。由于选择抗性较强的品种，混交林的总体病害严重程度降低了高达42%，而由于选择更敏感的品种，混合林的总体病害严重程度比纯林分的平均病害严重程度高出11%。其次，由于寄主多样性的流行病学效应，单个品种的病情严重程度低于纯林分。在没有病害的情况下，混交林的产量比纯林分的平均值高出0-5%。在有病害的情况下，混播可使产量增加8%至13%。地点和年份通过影响品种的竞争能力，间接影响病害对植株表现的影响。
Mixtures of two, three, four, or five winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and their component pure stands were either exposed to or protected from two stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis) races at three and two locations in 1986 1987 and 1987-1988, respectively. Disease severity and yield components per cultivar were determined for a subset of the mixtures and also for the pure stands. Disease severity in the mixtures compared to the mean of the components was reduced between 13 and 97%. Changes in disease severity could be separated into two effects. First, selection changed frequencies of the cultivars in the mixtures by up to 35% at harvest compared to the planted frequencies. Reductions in overall disease severity in mixtures due to selection for the more resistant cultivar were as high as 42%, and increases in overall disease severity due to selection for the more susceptible cultivar were as high as 11% over the mean disease severity in the pure stands. Second, disease severity on individual cultivars was reduced below that observed in pure stands because of the epidemiological effect of host diversity. Mixtures yielded between 0 and 5% more than the mean of the pure stands in the absence of disease. In the presence of disease, mixing increased yield between 8 and 13%. Location and year influenced the effects of disease on plant performance indirectly by affecting the competitive abilities of the cultivars.