Correlations of differences in the density of innervation of the organ of Corti with differences in the acuity of hearing, including evidence as to the location in the human cochlea of the receptors for certain tones
Correlations of differences in the density of innervation of the organ of Corti with differences in the acuity of hearing, including evidence as to the location in the human cochlea of the receptors for certain tones
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DOI：
10.3109/00016483109119096
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发表时间：
1931-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
POLVOGT, L. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GUILD, STACY R.;CROWE, S. J.;POLVOGT, L. M.
描述了一种方法，用于以图形重建的形式以相当准确的方式表示来自适当定向的连续部分的任何特定耳蜗的许多螺旋排列的元件。结合螺旋神经节内神经节细胞的计数，已确定每15耳：(A)其纤维供应Corti器的神经节细胞的大致总数；(B)神经节和终器的相应区域的平均每毫米神经节细胞数。耳蜗底下部、基底部、中部下部、中部上部及顶端的Corti器长度；以及(C)每毫米神经节细胞的相对数量。在几个地区。在听力良好的4耳中，螺旋神经节的神经节细胞总数平均为25,614个，范围从23,193到27,810个。本组平均每毫米神经节细胞数。下基底部934个；上基底部1076个；中下部971个；中上加顶部502个。青少年儿童3耳螺旋神经节的神经节细胞总数平均为29019个，比听力正常的青壮年4耳中的任何一耳都多。本组平均每毫米神经节细胞数。下基底部1010个；上基底部1253个；中下部1142个；中上加顶部559个。这些儿童的听力没有被检查：但记录表明，耳朵正常的儿童的平均听力在所有音调上都略好于年轻人。根据神经节细胞法所提供的证据，正常人的Corti器神经支配最密集的部分是上基转部和中下转部的邻近部分，两端的密度都有一定的下降。对骨性螺旋板神经纤维的初步计数，给人的印象是，当Corti器官的两端靠近时，神经密度的下降比神经节细胞法所显示的要大得多。有人认为，这些神经支配密度的区域差异与公认和证实的正常人对不同音调的听力阈值所需能量的差异之间存在相关性；对于中音程的音调来说，这种差异最小，而对于低音和高音的音调来说，这种差异逐渐增大。在对高音明显丧失敏感度的3只耳中，螺旋神经节的神经节细胞总数平均为19538个，最高的为20808个，最低的为18504个。本组平均每毫米神经节细胞数。相应部位的长度：下基底部579个，上基底部862个，下中部854个，上中部加顶部403个。这些数字与听力良好的年轻人组之间的差异(损失)在基底部较低的区域大约是其他区域的两倍。这表明，较低的基底区是最关注高音接收的区域。|摘要作者：摘自作者摘要
A method is described for representing many of the spirally arranged elements of any particular cochlea from properly oriented serial sections, in the form of graphic reconstructions, with fair accuracy. Combined with the counting of ganglion cells in the spiral ganglion, there has been determined for each of 15 ears: (a) the approximate total number of ganglion cells whose fibers supply the organ of Corti; (b) for corresponding regions of ganglion and end-organ, the average number of ganglion cells per mm. of length of the organ of Corti in the lower basal, upper basal, lower middle, and upper middle plus apical regions of the cochlea; and (c) the relative numbers of ganglion cells per mm. in the several regions. In 4 ears of young adults with good hearing the approximate total number of ganglion cells in the spiral ganglia averaged 25,614, with a range of from 23,193 to 27,810. For this group, the average number of ganglion cells per mm. of the corresponding region of the organ of Corti was: lower basal, 934; upper basal, 1,076; lower middle, 971; upper middle plus apical, 502. In 3 ears of young children the approximate total number of ganglion cells in the spiral ganglia averaged 29,019; in each ear there were more ganglion cells than in any one of the 4 ears of young adults with good hearing. For this group, the average number of ganglion cells per mm. of length of the corresponding region of the organ of Corti was: lower basal, 1,010; upper basal, 1,253; lower middle, 1,142; upper middle plus apical, 559. The hearing of these children had not been examined: but records indicate that the hearing of children with normal ears averages somewhat better for all tones than that of young adults. From the evidence furnished by the ganglion cell method the most densely innervated portion of the organ of Corti in normal individuals is that of the upper basal turn and the adjacent part of the lower middle turn, with a definite decrease in density at each end. Some preliminary attempts to count the nerve fibers in the osseous spiral lamina give the impression that there is a much greater decrease in density of innervation as the 2 ends of the organ of Corti are approached than is shown by the ganglion cell method. It is suggested that there is a correlation between these regional differences in density of innervation and the well recognized and proven differences in the energy required, in terms of ergs, for the threshold of hearing for different tones by normal individuals; it being least for tones of the middle range and progressively greater for those of both lower and higher pitch. In 3 ears, each of which had a marked loss of acuity for high tones (and a slight loss of acuity for tones up to at least 2,048 cycles per second), the approximate total number of ganglion cells in the spiral ganglia averaged 19,538; the highest and the lowest were, respectively, 20,808 and 18,504. For this group, the average number of ganglion cells per mm. of length of the corresponding part of the organ of Corti was: lower basal, 579; upper basal, 862; lower middle, 854; upper middle plus apical, 403. The amount of the difference (loss) between these figures and those for the group of young adults with good hearing is about twice as great in the lower basal region as in any other. This indicates that the lower basal region is the one most concerned with the reception of high tones. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: From authors' summary