Is the excess risk of psychosis-like experiences in urban areas attributable to altered cognitive development?
Is the excess risk of psychosis-like experiences in urban areas attributable to altered cognitive development?
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DOI：
10.1007/s00127-004-0771-3
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发表时间：
2004-05-01
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
van Os, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stefanis, NC;Delespaul, P;van Os, J
背景：。在城市地区，精神障碍和相关的减轻精神病经历的比率更高。我们考察了城市和农村之间的差异在多大程度上可以归因于认知发展的差异。方法对来自希腊49个县的943名应征入伍青年进行精神分裂型人格问卷(SPQ)的9个子量表评分、智商及特定神经心理记忆和注意力功能测试。结果：。城市青年男性SPQ量表的奇特信念/魔法思维得分较高(OR=1.99，95%CI：1.42，2.78)，社交过度焦虑得分较低(OR=0.63，95%CI：0.49，0.81)，无亲密朋友得分较低(OR=0.42，95%CI：0.29，0.62)。人口统计因素、智商和特定的神经心理功能的调整并没有改变结果。当考虑到社交过度焦虑和没有亲密朋友的较低得分时，奇怪信念/魔法思维分量表的差异更加显著(OR=2.33，95%CI：1.56，3.49)。结论城市青年男性社交能力较强，但表现出较高水平的积极精神体验，这不是由较低智商或较高水平的神经心理损害所中介的。
Background:. Rates of psychotic disorder and related attenuated psychotic experiences are higher in urban areas. We examined to what degree differences between urban and rural areas could be attributed to differences in cognitive development. Method Scores on the nine subscales of the schizotypal personality questionnaire (SPQ) as well as IQ and specific neuropsychological functions of memory and attention were assessed in a representative sample of 943 young army conscripts from the 49 counties of Greece. Results:. Young men from urban areas had higher scores on the SPQ subscale Odd beliefs/magical thinking (OR=1.99, 95% CI: 1.42, 2.78), but lower scores on Excessive social anxiety (OR=0.63, 95 % CI: 0.49, 0.81) and No close friends (OR=0.42, 95% CI: 0.29, 0.62). Adjustment for demographic factors, IQ and specific neuropsychological functions did not change the results. When the lower scores on Excessive social anxiety and No close friends were taken into account, the differences on the Odd beliefs/magical thinking subscale became even more pronounced (OR=2.33, 95% CI: 1.56, 3.49). Conclusions Young men from urban areas are socially more competent, but display higher levels of positive psychotic experiences, which are not mediated by lower IQ or higher levels of neuropsychological impairment.