Endemic sheep scab: Risk factors and the behaviour of upland sheep flocks
Endemic sheep scab: Risk factors and the behaviour of upland sheep flocks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.10.010
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发表时间：
2012-04-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Wall, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rose, Hannah;Wall, Richard
自1992年解除对绵羊赤霉病的管制以来，英国每年的赤霉病暴发数量迅速增加：1992年至2007年期间，暴发发病率估计增加了60倍。因此，如何最好地集中管理或根除工作一直是一个正在辩论的问题。以前的工作表明，一些农场反复发生赤霉病暴发，而另一些农场则从未或很少经历过暴发。在这里，为了考虑为什么会出现这种模式，并量化与不同畜牧措施相关的赤霉病风险，对16个农民进行了面对面的访谈，随机选择了16个重复爆发的农场，以及16个在过去10年中没有或很少有赤霉病病史的匹配农场，以确定相关的风险因素。这表明，使用普通放牧的农场比不使用普通放牧的农场感染的风险要高得多，与邻居的绵羊有直接接触的农场和邻居感染赤霉病的农场也是如此。为了进一步证明普通放牧的风险，对南威尔士一种常见牧场的绵羊进行的调查显示，来自三个农场的绵羊大量混杂，突显了赤霉病在羊群之间传播的可能性。与高地地区有关的普通放牧似乎是英国有效控制赤霉病的最大单一障碍。结果表明，控制赤霉病的一种经济有效的方法可能是将旱地和低地农场视为独立的流行病学系统，而旱地地区需要一种协调的、系统的方法来实现对问题的重大管理。相比之下，在低地农场，通过良好的生物安全措施，疫情已在很大程度上得到有效控制，并在发生疫情时逐案处理。(C)2011爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Since the deregulation of sheep scab in 1992, the number of scab outbreaks per year in the UK has increased rapidly: there has been an estimated 60-fold increase in outbreak incidence between 1992 and 2007. How best to focus management or eradication efforts has therefore been an issue of ongoing debate. Previous work has shown that scab outbreaks occur repeatedly on some farms whereas others never or rarely experience outbreaks. Here, to consider why this pattern occurs, and to quantify the risk of scab associated with different husbandry practices, face-to-face interviews with farmers at 16, randomly selected, repeat-outbreak farms and 16 matched farms with no or little history of scab over the previous 10 years, were used to identify associated risk factors. This showed that farms using common grazing were at significantly higher risk of infestation than farms not using common grazing, as were farms that had direct contact with neighbours' sheep and that had neighbours with scab. To further demonstrate the risk of common grazing, a survey of sheep on one common in south Wales showed that there was significant mixing of sheep from three farms, highlighting the potential for scab transmission between flocks. Common grazing, associated with upland regions, would appear to be the largest single obstacle to effective national scab control in the UK. The results suggest that a cost-effective approach to scab control may be to consider upland and lowland farms as separate epidemiological systems, with upland regions requiring a co-ordinated, systematic approach to achieve any significant management of the problem. In contrast, on lowland farms outbreaks are already largely contained effectively through good biosecurity and treated on a case-by-case basis if they occur. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.