Habitat preferences, foraging behaviour and bycatch risk among breeding sooty shearwaters Ardenna grisea in the Southwest Atlantic
Habitat preferences, foraging behaviour and bycatch risk among breeding sooty shearwaters Ardenna grisea in the Southwest Atlantic
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DOI：
10.3354/meps13439
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发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Anne‐Sophie Bonnet‐Lebrun;P. Catry;T. J. Clark;Letizia Campioni;A. Kuepfer;Megan Tierny-;E. Kilbride;Ewan D. Wakefield
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文献类型：
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作者：
Anne‐Sophie Bonnet‐Lebrun;P. Catry;T. J. Clark;Letizia Campioni;A. Kuepfer;Megan Tierny-;E. Kilbride;Ewan D. Wakefield
远洋海鸟是许多海洋生态系统的重要组成部分。最丰富的物种是中/小型海燕（<1100克），但对这一群体的次中尺度（<10公里）分布、栖息地利用和觅食行为还没有很好的了解。黑灰剪翅鸟Ardenna grisea是世界上数量最多的远洋海鸟之一。大多数生活在太平洋，在那里它们已经减少，部分原因是兼捕和其他人为影响，但它们在大西洋正在增加。为了评估亚中尺度栖息地偏好（即栖息地使用和可用性之间的一致性），潜水行为和大西洋繁殖者的兼捕风险，我们在孵化后期和早期用GPS记录器（n = 20），地理定位器（n = 10）和时间深度记录器（n = 10）从福克兰群岛跟踪了无尾剪水。这些鸟觅食专门在浅海和货架打破沃茨，主要是在伯德伍德银行，约350公里，从他们的殖民地。像新西兰的繁殖者一样，它们大多在白天潜水，特别是在黎明和黄昏，这与垂直迁移的猎物的开发一致。然而，福克兰群岛的鸟类觅食行程较短，潜水较浅，并且不在海洋沃茨觅食。它们与渔业的重叠很低，它们觅食的深度比拖网渔船（最常遇到的渔船）的目标深度浅，这表明在孵化后期/雏鸟早期饲养期间，副渔获物风险很低。虽然我们的研究结果应该谨慎对待，但它们表明大西洋和太平洋的无尾剪水在海上可能会经历明显不同的压力。因此，有必要对这些人群进行比较研究，例如结合生物记录和人口统计。
Pelagic seabirds are important components of many marine ecosystems. The most abundant species are medium/small sized petrels (<1100 g), yet the sub-mesoscale (<10 km) distribution, habitat use and foraging behaviour of this group are not well understood. Sooty shearwaters Ardenna grisea are among the world’s most numerous pelagic seabirds. The majority inhabit the Pacific, where they have declined, partly due to bycatch and other anthropogenic impacts, but they are increasing in the Atlantic. To evaluate the sub-mesoscale habitat preferences (i.e. the disproportionality between habitat use and availability), diving behaviour and bycatch risk of Atlantic breeders, we tracked sooty shearwaters from the Falkland Islands during late incubation and early chick-rearing with GPS loggers (n = 20), geolocators (n = 10) and time-depth recorders (n = 10). These birds foraged exclusively in neritic and shelf-break waters, principally over the Burdwood Bank, ~350 km from their colony. Like New Zealand breeders, they dived mostly during daylight, especially at dawn and dusk, consistent with the exploitation of vertically migrating prey. However, Falkland birds made shorter foraging trips, shallower dives, and did not forage in oceanic waters. Their overlap with fisheries was low, and they foraged at shallower depths than those targeted by trawlers, the most frequent fishing vessels encountered, indicating that bycatch risk was low during late incubation/early chick-rearing. Although our results should be treated with caution, they indicate that Atlantic and Pacific sooty shearwaters may experience markedly differing pressures at sea. Comparative study between these populations, e.g. combining biologging and demography, is therefore warranted.