Paradigms and processes in reading comprehension.
Paradigms and processes in reading comprehension.
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DOI：
10.1037//0096-3445.111.2.228
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发表时间：
1982
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Just;P. Carpenter;J. Woolley
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Just;P. Carpenter;J. Woolley
这篇文章比较了几种呈现文本的方法，包括一种产生阅读时间数据的新范式，它具有自然产生的眼睛注视数据的许多特征。在被称为移动窗口条件的新范例中，读者按下按钮来查看文本中的每个连续的作品，当新作品出现时，先前的作品被移除。这些单词出现在正常测试中的相同位置，并且外围视觉中可以获得单词长度信息。该结果与通过监控阅读正常文本的受试者的眼睛注视而获得的结果进行了定性和定量的比较。词汇层面的影响大体相似。读者在较长的单词、出现频率较低的单词、引入新主题的单词以及句尾上停顿的时间更长。研究结果表明，读者一遇到单词就立即启动加工，而不是缓冲单词和延迟加工。还考虑了另外两种阅读时间范例，一种是单词累加地显示在屏幕上，另一种是每个连续的单词出现在屏幕上的同一位置。最后，我们考虑了立即处理文本的趋势可能如何与其他文本呈现技术相互作用，例如快速连续视觉呈现(RSVP)条件，并对该方法的性质和局限性进行了预测。
This article compares several methods of presenting text, including a new paradigm that produces reading-time data with many of the characteristics of naturally occurring eye-fixation data. In the new paradigm, called the moving window condition, a reader presses a button to see each successive work in a text, and the previous work is removed when a new work appears. The words appear in the same position that they would in normal test, and word-length information is available in peripheral vision. The results are qualitatively and quantitatively compared to the results obtained by monitoring the eye fixations of subjects reading normal text. The word-level effects are generally similar. Readers pause longer on longer words, on less frequent words, on words that introduce a new topic, and at ends of sentences. The results suggest that readers initiate thr processing of each word as soon as they encounter it rather than buffer words and delay processing. Also considered are two other reading-time paradigms, one in which words are cumulatively displayed on the screen and one in which each successive word is presented at the same location on the screen. Finally, we consider how the tendency to immediately process text might interact with other techniques for text presentation, such as the rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) condition, and we generate predictions about the nature and limits of the method.