Nitrogen loss factors of nitrogen trace gas emissions and leaching from excreta patches in grassland ecosystems: A summary of available data
Nitrogen loss factors of nitrogen trace gas emissions and leaching from excreta patches in grassland ecosystems: A summary of available data
复制标题
草原生态系统排泄物斑块氮微量气体排放和淋溶的氮损失因子：现有数据摘要
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.222
复制
发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Akiyama, Hiroko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cai, Yanjiang;Akiyama, Hiroko
放牧动物排泄物是草原生态系统中氮（N）转化的热点，也是氮微量气体排放和淋溶的重要来源。以前的研究主要集中在排泄物中的单个氮损失，但尚未对通过微量氮排放和淋滤造成的所有氮损失进行定量分析。为了更好地了解排泄物斑块中氮的去向，我们分别总结了一氧化二氮 (N2O)、一氧化氮 (NO)、氨 (NH3) 和铵 (NH4+) 浸出、硝酸盐 (NO3-) 浸出、溶解有机氮 (DON) 浸出和地上植物氮吸收的 418、15、65、22、54、11 和 81 个测量值。现场研究结果表明，牛粪、牛尿、羊粪和羊尿中 N2O 损失的氮平均比例分别为 0.28%、0.76%、0.08% 和 0.35%。仅 0.01-0.12% 的排泄物 N 通过 NO 损失，而 1.69-12.7%、0-4.58%、16.4-24.6% 和 1.43-5.91% 通过 NH3 和 NH4+、NO3- 和 DON 浸出分别损失。植物地上部分吸收了 10.4-31.4% 的排泄物氮。随着 NH3 损失的增加，尿斑中通过 N2O 损失的氮减少，随着植物氮吸收的降低，NO3- 淋失量增加。牛和羊的粪便和尿液的 N2O 综合排放因子分别为 0.59% 和 0.26%。无论动物类型如何，尿液斑块中的每个氮损失因子都比粪便斑块中的要高得多。本研究根据当前可用的实地数据，对放牧草地排泄物斑块中的氮损失和植物氮吸收进行了一般估计。未来需要进行更多的实地研究，在广泛的气候带中进行更长的测量周期，以完善这些氮损失因子。 (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Patches of excreta voided by grazing animals are nitrogen (N) transformation hotspots in grassland ecosystems and an important source of N trace gas emissions and leaching. Previous studies have focused on individual N losses from excreta, but no quantitative analysis has been performed on all the N losses via N trace gas emissions and leaching. To better understand the fate of N in excreta patches, we summarized 418, 15, 65, 22, 54, 11, and 81 measurements of nitrous oxide (N2O), nitric oxide (NO), ammonia (NH3), and ammonium (NH4+) leaching, nitrate (NO3-) leaching, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) leaching, and aboveground plant N uptake, respectively. The results based on field studies indicated that the average fractions of N lost via N2O were 0.28%, 0.76%, 0.08%, and 0.35% for cattle dung, cattle urine, sheep dung, and sheep urine, respectively. Only 0.01-0.12% of excreta N was lost via NO, whereas 1.69-12.7%, 0-4.58%, 16.4-24.6%, and 1.43-5.91% were lost by NH3 and NH4+, NO3-, and DON leaching, respectively. Aboveground plant parts assimilated 10.4-31.4% of the excreta N. The N lost via N2O from urine patches decreased as NH3 losses increased, and greater NO3- leaching occurred with lower plant N uptake. The combined N2O emission factors for dung and urine from cattle and sheep were 0.59% and 0.26%, respectively. Each N loss factor was much higher in urine patches than in dung patches, irrespective of animal type. This study provides general estimates of N losses and plant N uptake from excreta patches on grazed grassland based on currently available field data. More field studies are needed in the future with longer measurement periods from a wide range of climate zones to refine these N loss factors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.