A superior ability to suppress fast inappropriate responses in children with Tourette syndrome is further improved by prospect of reward
A superior ability to suppress fast inappropriate responses in children with Tourette syndrome is further improved by prospect of reward
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2019.05.012
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发表时间：
2019-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Plessen, Kerstin Jessica
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Maigaard, Katrine;Nejad, Ayna Baladi;Plessen, Kerstin Jessica
在患有抽动秽语综合征（TS）的儿童中，抽搐通常被医疗保健专业人员，父母和同伴归因于自我控制不足。在这项行为研究中，我们研究了反应抑制TS使用修改后的西蒙任务，探讨解决一个新的非空间规则和高度过度学习的空间刺激-反应映射规则之间的反应冲突的能力。我们应用了分布分析的行为数据，分组的试验根据个人的反应时间分布在四个时间箱。分布分析使我们能够探测儿童的能力，控制快速，冲动，反应，这对应于最快的时间箱中的试验。此外，我们测试了抑制不适当的行动倾向的能力是否可以通过奖励的前景进一步提高。41名临床特征良好的未接受过药物治疗的TS儿童、20名注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）儿童和43名发育正常的儿童在有和没有前景奖励的交替时期执行西蒙任务。我们应用重复测量ANCOVA来估计奖励的前景如何调节反应时间和反应准确性，同时考虑到反应时间在试验中的分布。当受试者反应相对较快时，我们发现组间准确性存在差异。TS组的反应更准确地比通常发展控制儿童时，解决西蒙任务的反应冲突。ADHD儿童的情况则相反。前景奖励提高了所有组的准确率。尽管图雷特氏症组在快速试验中表现出上级准确性，但他们仍然有可能从快速试验中的奖励前景中受益。研究结果证实了TS儿童抑制快速不适当反应倾向的能力增强的概念。这种能力可以通过提供在非药物治疗干预期间可能有用的奖励的前景来进一步改善。
In children with Tourette syndrome (TS), tics are often attributed to deficient self-control by health-care professionals, parents, and peers. In this behavioural study, we examined response inhibition in TS using a modified Simon task which probes the ability to solve the response conflict between a new non-spatial rule and a highly-overlearned spatial stimulus-response mapping rule. We applied a distributional analysis to the behavioural data, which grouped the trials according to the individual distribution of reaction times in four time bins. Distributional analyses enabled us to probe the children's ability to control fast, impulsive, responses, which corresponded to the trials in the fastest time bin. Additionally, we tested whether the ability to suppress inappropriate action tendencies can be improved further by the prospect of a reward. Forty-one clinically well-characterized medication-naive children with TS, 20 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and 43 typically developing children performed a Simon task during alternating epochs with and without a prospect of reward. We applied repeated measures ANCOVAs to estimate how the prospect of reward modulated reaction times and response accuracy, while taking into account the distribution of the reaction times across trials. We found between-group differences in accuracy when subjects responded relatively fast. The TS group responded more accurately than typically developing control children when resolving the response conflict introduced by the Simon task. The opposite pattern was found in children with ADHD. Prospect of reward improved accuracy rates in all groups. Although the Tourette group performed with superior accuracy in the fast trials, it was still possible for them to benefit from prospect of reward in fast trials. The findings corroborate the notion that children with TS have an enhanced capacity to inhibit fast inappropriate response tendencies. This ability can be improved further by offering a prospect of reward which might be useful during non-pharmacological therapeutic interventions.