Compensatory activation in fronto-parietal cortices among HIV-infected persons during a monetary decision-making task.
Compensatory activation in fronto-parietal cortices among HIV-infected persons during a monetary decision-making task.
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DOI：
10.1002/hbm.23185
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发表时间：
2016-07
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Huettel SA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Meade CS;Cordero DM;Hobkirk AL;Metra BM;Chen NK;Huettel SA
艾滋病毒感染可对大脑造成直接和间接损害，并始终与神经认知障碍有关，包括决策能力受损。贬低延迟奖励的倾向（时间折扣）与一系列健康风险行为有关。对延迟奖励做出选择会涉及大脑的执行控制网络，该网络已被发现受到艾滋病毒的影响。在这项针对18名艾滋病毒阳性和17名艾滋病毒阴性成年人的病例对照研究中，我们检查了艾滋病毒在时间折扣任务中对大脑激活的影响。当参与者在较小的，更快的奖励和较大的，延迟的奖励之间做出选择时，收集了功能性MRI（fMRI）数据。根据参与者独特的折扣函数，选择是个性化的，因此每个参与者都经历了困难（类似的价值），容易（类似的价值）和控制选择。使用混合效应模型分析fMRI数据，以确定与选择困难相关的组相关差异。虽然在行为表现方面没有组间差异，但HIV阳性组在简单试验期间左顶叶区域和双侧前额叶区域内以及在艰难试验期间右前额叶皮层和前扣带回内的激活显著增加。前额叶区域的激活增加与较低的最低CD4细胞计数和冒险倾向有关。这些结果支持了HIV感染可以改变支持决策的区域的大脑功能的假设，为额顶叶皮质内HIV相关的补偿激活提供了进一步的证据。免疫抑制史可能导致这些脑变化。
HIV infection can cause direct and indirect damage to the brain and is consistently associated with neurocognitive disorders, including impairments in decision-making capacities. The tendency to devalue rewards that are delayed (temporal discounting) is relevant to a range of health risk behaviors. Making choices about delayed rewards engages the executive control network of the brain, which has been found to be affected by HIV. In this case-control study of 18 HIV-positive and 17 HIV-negative adults, we examined the effects of HIV on brain activation during a temporal discounting task. Functional MRI (fMRI) data were collected while participants made choices between smaller, sooner rewards and larger, delayed rewards. Choices were individualized based on participants’ unique discount functions, so each participant experienced hard (similarly valued), easy (disparately valued), and control choices. fMRI data were analyzed using a mixed-effects model to identify group-related differences associated with choice difficulty. While there was no difference between groups in behavioral performance, the HIV-positive group demonstrated significantly larger increases in activation within left parietal regions and bilateral prefrontal regions during easy trials and within the right prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate during hard trials. Increasing activation within the prefrontal regions was associated with lower nadir CD4 cell count and risk-taking propensity. These results support the hypothesis that HIV infection can alter brain functioning in regions that support decision making, providing further evidence for HIV-associated compensatory activation within fronto-parietal cortices. A history of immunosuppression may contribute to these brain changes.