Effects of irrigation before sowing and plastic film mulching on yield and water uptake of spring wheat in semiarid Loess Plateau of China
Effects of irrigation before sowing and plastic film mulching on yield and water uptake of spring wheat in semiarid Loess Plateau of China
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.agwat.2004.02.001
复制
发表时间：
2004-06-15
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Xu, JZ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, FM;Wang, P;Xu, JZ
将收集雨水灌溉与地膜覆盖技术相结合，对于提高半干旱地区农作物产量具有重要意义。通常不进行覆盖后的有限灌溉。本研究旨在研究我国半干旱黄土高原地区播前灌溉与地膜覆盖的结合及其对春小麦产量的影响。采用四种处理：（1）C对照，播前不灌水、不覆盖； （2）播前灌水30mm，不覆盖； （3）M—地膜覆盖，无需播前灌溉； (4)IM-30转播前灌溉加覆盖。播种后 60 天（DAS）除去覆盖地块中的塑料薄膜。虽然覆膜减少了覆膜处理的土壤水分蒸发，但覆膜处理的土壤含水量比未覆膜处理低了 60 DAS。播前灌溉增加了蒸散量，但土壤剖面供水量占总蒸散量的比例仅在7.1%~33.5%之间。生长期间的降雨和灌溉提供了蒸散的大部分水，特别是在非常干旱的年份。与对照相比，1999年IM处理增产29.4%，2000年增产112.4%；与M处理相比，1999年增产35.7%，2000年增产47.3%。相关分析表明，至少在这两年，小穗数和能育穗数是决定籽粒产量形成的关键因素。这两年 IM 处理的水分利用效率 (WUE) 最高，并且显着高于其他处理。 1999年丰水年WUE高于2000年旱年。播前灌溉与地膜覆盖相结合，提高了苗期土壤温度，减少了水分亏缺，地上部生物量、籽粒产量和水分利用效率均达到2年最高。综上所述，播前灌溉与地膜覆盖相结合，对促进春小麦生长和增产效果显着，可在半干旱地区春小麦生产中推广应用。 (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
To improve crop yield in semiarid areas, it is valuable to combine irrigation of harvested rainwater with plastic film mulching technology. Limited irrigation after mulching is not usually practiced. This research was to study the combination of pre-sowing irrigation and film mulch and its effect on spring wheat grain yield in semiarid Loess Plateau in China. Four treatments were employed: (1) C-control, without pre-sowing irrigation and without mulching; (2) I-pre-sowing irrigation of 30mm without mulching; (3) M-plastic film mulching without pre-sowing irrigation; and (4) IM-30 turn pre-sowing irrigation plus mulching. Plastic films in mulched plots were removed at 60 days after sowing (DAS). Although soil water evaporation in the mulched treatments is reduced by film mulch, soil water content in the mulched treatments was lower than in the non-mulched treatments by 60 DAS. Pre-sowing irrigation increased evapotranspiration, but the percentage of water supply from the soil profile in the overall evapotranspiration is just within the range from 7.1 to 33.5%. Rainfall and irrigation during the growing period provide most of the water for evapotranspiration, especially in very dry years. The grain yield was 29.4% greater in treatment IM in 1999 and 112.4% greater in 2000 compared with control, and 35.7% greater in 1999 and 47.3% greater in 2000 compared with the treatment M. Correlation analysis revealed that the spikelet number and the fertile spikelet number were the key factors determining grain yield formation, at least in these two years. The greatest water-use efficiency (WUE) was found in treatment IM for both years, and was significantly higher than in other treatments. The WUE was higher in the wet year of 1999 than in the dry year of 2000. The combination of pre-sowing irrigation with film mulching increased the soil temperature in the seedling stage, reduced the water deficit, and achieved the highest shoot biomass, grain yield, and water-use efficiency of the 2 years. It is, therefore, concluded that the combination of pre-sowing irrigation with plastic film mulching works well in increasing plant growth and yield of spring wheat and can be adopted for spring wheat production in the semiarid areas. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.