Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of wood pellet production with torrefaction
Comparative cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment of wood pellet production with torrefaction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.11.002
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发表时间：
2015-01-15
期刊：
影响因子：
11.2
通讯作者：
McManus, M. C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adams, P. W. R.;Shirley, J. E. J.;McManus, M. C.
焙烧是一种将生物质原料转化为能量密度更高的燃料的热处理过程。碳化生物质与致密化过程相结合，以增加其体积密度，类似于传统的木屑颗粒生产。本文采用从摇篮到闸门的生命周期评估方法，确定了与这两种燃料的生产和交付相关的重大环境影响。苏格兰松的原料是为挪威的一个本地化的焙烧/木屑颗粒厂建模的，每个工厂的产品都交付给英国的一个发电站。结果表明，由于燃料的热值较高，在每MJ交付的基础上，焙烧比木屑颗粒的相对效益更高。气候变化和化石消耗对建模的碳化颗粒的影响低于木屑颗粒，假设反应器的干燥要求为3.0 MJ/kg去除水。模型的敏感性分析表明，与木屑颗粒相比，碳化颗粒的相对影响改善在很大程度上取决于生物质干燥要求和再循环焙烧气体提供的总过程热量的比例。由于生产过程中的大量损失，碳化颗粒的土地需求更高。(C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Torrefaction is a thermal pre-treatment process for upgrading raw biomass into a more energy dense fuel. Torrefied biomass is combined with a densification process to increase its bulk density similar to conventional wood-pelleting production. This paper identifies the significant environmental impacts associated with production and delivery of these two fuels, using cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment. A feedstock of Scots Pine is modelled for a localised torrefaction/wood pellet plant located in Norway, with the products from each facility delivered to a power station in the UK.Results show that the relative benefits of torrefaction over wood-pellets are higher on per MJ delivered basis due to the higher calorific value of the fuel. The climate change and fossil depletion impacts for torrefied pellets modelled were lower than wood pellets, using an assumption that the drying requirement of the reactor was 3.0 MJ/kg water removed for both cases. Sensitivity analysis of the model indicated that the relative impact improvement of the torrefied pellet case compared to wood pellets is strongly dependent on the biomass drying requirement and the proportion of total process heat supplied by the re-circulated torrefaction gas. Land requirements for torrefied pellets are higher due to the mass losses in production. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.